Kubera ko ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byinshi bikomeje gushyirwa mu bwato bugezweho, hari igihe kigera aho bateri zigomba kwagurwa kugira ngo zihangane n'izamuka ry'ingufu zikenewe.
Biracyari ibisanzwe ko ubwato bushya buza bufite bateri nto yo gutangiza moteri hamwe na bateri ntoya yo gutanga serivisi - ubwoko bw'ikintu kizajya gikoresha firigo nto mu gihe cy'amasaha 24 mbere yuko ikenera kongera gusharijwa. Ongeraho ko rimwe na rimwe hakoreshwa ikirahuri cy'amashanyarazi, amatara, ibikoresho byo kuyobora ndetse na autopilot, bityo uzakenera gukoresha moteri buri masaha atandatu cyangwa arenga.
Kongera ubushobozi bwa bateri yawe bizagufasha kumara igihe kirekire hagati y’ibiciro, cyangwa gushakisha cyane ububiko bwawe nibiba ngombwa, ariko hari byinshi ugomba gusuzuma uretse ikiguzi cya bateri y'inyongera gusa: ni ngombwa gusuzuma uburyo bwo gusharija no kumenya niba ukeneye kuvugurura icyuma cyawe gitanga amashanyarazi, alternator cyangwa andi mashanyarazi.

Ukeneye ingufu zingana iki?

Mbere yo gutekereza ko uzakenera ingufu nyinshi mu gihe wongeraho ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, kuki utabanza gukora igenzura ryimbitse ry'ibyo ukeneye. Akenshi isuzuma ryimbitse ry'ibikenewe mu ngufu rishobora kugaragaza ko hashobora kuzigama ingufu zishobora gutuma bidakenewe kongeramo ubushobozi bw'inyongera ndetse n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushobozi bwo gusharija.

Gusobanukirwa ubushobozi
Ecran ishobora kugufasha kugumana urwego rwiza rwa bateri kugira ngo bateri irambe igihe kirekire
Igihe gikwiye cyo gutekereza kongeramo indi bateri ni igihe ugiye gusimbuza iyisanzwe. Muri ubwo buryo uzaba utangiye bundi bushya na bateri nshya zose, ibyo bikaba ari byiza buri gihe - bateri ishaje ishobora kugabanya indi nshya mu gihe igeze ku iherezo ryayo.

Nanone, iyo ushyizemo banki y’imbere mu gihugu ifite bateri ebyiri (cyangwa zirenga), ni byiza kugura bateri zifite ubushobozi bumwe. Igipimo cya Ah gikunze kugaragara kuri bateri zo kwidagadura cyangwa zigenda buhoro buhoro cyitwa igipimo cya C20 kandi yerekeza ku bushobozi bwazo bwo gutekereza iyo zisohotse mu gihe cy’amasaha 20.
Bateri zo gutangiza moteri zifite plaque ntoya zo guhangana n'ingufu z'amashanyarazi zidasanzwe kandi zikunze kugaragazwa hakoreshejwe ubushobozi bwazo bwa Cold Cranking Amps (CCA). Izi ntizikwiriye gukoreshwa muri banki ikora kuko zipfa vuba iyo zikunze kugezwa mu mazi menshi.
Bateri nziza zo gukoreshwa mu rugo zizaba zifite izina rya 'deep-cycle', bivuze ko zizaba zifite plaque nini zagenewe gutanga ingufu zazo buhoro buhoro kandi inshuro nyinshi.

Kongeramo bateri y'inyongera 'mu buryo buhuye'
Muri sisitemu ya 12V, kongeramo bateri y'inyongera ni nko kuyishyira hafi cyane y'aho isanzwe iherereye hanyuma ugahuza neza, ugahuza terminale 'zisa' (za mbere kuva kuri positive, za mbere kuva kuri positive) ukoresheje insinga nini y'umurambararo (ubusanzwe uburebure bwa 70mm²) hamwe na terminale za bateri zacitse neza.
Keretse niba ufite ibikoresho n'insinga nini zimanitse hafi, nakugira inama yo kubipima no kugira ibyuma bihuza byakozwe mu buryo bw'umwuga. Ushobora kugura crimper (iz'amazi nta gushidikanya ko ari zo nziza) n'ibikoresho byo kubikora ubwawe, ariko ishoramari ry'akazi gato nk'ako akenshi rizaba rito cyane.
Mu gihe uhuza bateri ebyiri icyarimwe, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ingufu z'amashanyarazi zisohoka muri banki zizakomeza kuba zimwe, ariko ubushobozi bwawe (Ah) buziyongera. Akenshi habaho urujijo kuri amp na amp. Muri make, amp ni igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, mu gihe amp isaha ari igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi buri saha. Rero, muri rusange bateri ya 100Ah (C20) ishobora gutanga umuvuduko wa 20A mu gihe cy'amasaha atanu mbere yuko iba itambitse. Mu by'ukuri ntabwo bizagenda, kubera impamvu nyinshi zigoye, ariko kubera koroshya ibintu, ndabireka bigakomeza.

Guhuza bateri nshya 'mu buryo bukurikiranye'
Iyo uhuza bateri ebyiri za 12V mu buryo bukurikiranye (kuva kuri positive kugeza kuri negative, ufata umusaruro uva kuri terminal ya kabiri +ve na -ve), ubwo waba ufite umusaruro wa 24V, ariko nta bushobozi bw'inyongera. Bateri ebyiri za 12V/100Ah zihujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye zizakomeza gutanga ubushobozi bwa 100Ah, ariko kuri 24V. Hari ubwato bukoresha sisitemu ya 24V ku bikoresho biremereye nk'indorerwamo z'inyuma, ibyuma bifunga amazi, ibikoresho bitanga amazi n'ipompo nini cyangwa zo kwiyuhagira kuko gukuba kabiri voltage bigabanya imbaraga z'amashanyarazi ku gikoresho kimwe gifite agaciro k'amashanyarazi.
Uburinzi hakoreshejwe fuse y'amashanyarazi menshi
Bateri zigomba kurindwa buri gihe hakoreshejwe fuse zifite ingufu nyinshi (ahagana kuri 200A) ku miyoboro myiza n'iy'ibisohoka, ndetse no hafi y'imiyoboro ishoboka, nta ngufu zihaguruka kugeza nyuma ya fuse. Hari uduce twihariye twa fuse duhari kuri iyi ntego, twagenewe ku buryo nta kintu na kimwe gishobora guhuzwa na bateri kitanyuze muri fuse. Ibi bitanga uburinzi bwinshi ku miyoboro migufi ya bateri, ishobora gutera inkongi cyangwa guturika iyo idakingiwe.

Ni ubuhe bwoko butandukanye bwa bateri?
Buri wese afite ubunararibonye bwe n'ibitekerezo bye ku bwoko bwa bateri ikwiriye gukoreshwa muriumugenzi wo mu maziibidukikije. Ubusanzwe, byari bateri nini kandi ziremereye zifunguye zirimo aside ya lead (FLA), kandi nyinshi ziracyafite icyizere cy'ubu buryo bworoshye. Inyungu ni uko ushobora kuzishyiramo amazi yaciwe byoroshye no kugerageza ubushobozi bwa buri selile ukoresheje hydrometer. Uburemere bukomeye bwatumye benshi bubaka serivisi zabo bahereye kuri bateri za 6V, zoroshye kuzikoresha. Ibi kandi bivuze ko hari bike byo gutakaza mu gihe selile imwe yananiwe.
Icyiciro gikurikiraho ni bateri zifunze za aside ya lead (SLA), abenshi bakunda kubera ko 'zidakomeza gukoreshwa' kandi zidasesagura, nubwo zidashobora kwishyuzwa cyane nka bateri ifunguye bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo kurekura umwuka urenze urugero mu gihe cy'impanuka.
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, bateri za gel zatangiye gukoreshwa, aho electrolyte yari gel ikomeye aho kuba amazi. Nubwo yari ifunze, idafite uburyo bwo kuyibungabunga kandi ishobora gutanga inshuro nyinshi zo gushyushya/gusohora umuriro, byagombaga gushyushwa umuriro muke kandi ku muvuduko muto ugereranyije na SLA.
Vuba aha, bateri za Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) zamenyekanye cyane ku bwato. Ziroroshye kurusha LA zisanzwe kandi zifite electrolyte zinjira mu matingi aho kuba amazi yigenga, ntabwo zikenera kubungabungwa kandi zishobora gushyirwa mu nguni iyo ari yo yose. Zishobora kandi kwakira umuriro mwinshi, bityo bigatwara igihe gito cyo kongera umuriro, kandi zikarokoka ibihe byinshi byo kongera umuriro/gusohora umuriro kurusha utunyangingo twuzuye. Amaherezo, zifite igipimo gito cyo kwisohora, bityo zishobora gusigara zidashyushya umuriro igihe kirekire.
Iterambere riheruka rijyanye na bateri zishingiye kuri lithium. Zimwe zizemera mu buryo butandukanye (Li-ion cyangwa LiFePO4 ni zo zikunze kugaragara cyane), ariko zigomba gufatwa neza no kubungabungwa cyane. Yego, zoroshye cyane kurusha izindi bateri zo mu mazi kandi imibare y’imikorere itangaje iravugwa, ariko zirahenze cyane kandi zisaba uburyo bwo gucunga bateri buhanitse kugira ngo zikomeze kugira umuriro, kandi ikiruta byose, kuringaniza hagati y’uturemangingo.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ugomba kumenya mu gihe ushyiraho banki ihuza serivisi ni uko bateri zose zigomba kuba z'ubwoko bumwe. Ntushobora kuvanga SLA, Gel na AGM kandi ntushobora guhuza na kimwe muri ibi na kimwe.bateri ishingiye kuri lithiyumu.