Uburyo guverinoma ya Turukiya n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura bwakoreshejwe mu guhindura amategeko agenga isoko ry'ingufu buzatanga amahirwe "ashimishije" yo kubika ingufu no kuzikoresha mu kongera kuzikoresha.

Nk’uko bivugwa na Can Tokcan, umufatanyabikorwa mukuru muri Inovat, ikigo gishinzwe kubika ingufu za EPC n’ibisubizo mu gihugu cya Turukiya, itegeko rishya ryitezwe ko rigiye gushyirwaho vuba rizatuma ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu bwiyongera cyane.

Muri Werurwe,Amakuru yo kubika ingufuyumvikanye na Tokcan ko isoko ryo kubika ingufu muri Turukiya "ryafunguye burundu". Ibyo byabaye nyuma y'uko Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura isoko ry'ingufu muri icyo gihugu (EMRA) gifashe icyemezo mu 2021 cy'uko amasosiyete y'ingufu agomba kwemererwa kubaka ahantu ho kubika ingufu, haba higenga, hahujwe n'ingufu zikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi cyangwa kugira ngo bihuzwe n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu - nko mu nganda nini.

Ubu, amategeko agenga ingufu arimo kuvugururwa kugira ngo ahuze n'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu butuma habaho imicungire n'inyongera ku ngufu nshya zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, mu gihe bigabanya ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi.

“Ingufu zisubiramo ni nziza cyane kandi zirangwa n’urukundo, ariko zitera ibibazo byinshi ku rubuga,” Tokcan yabwiyeAmakuru yo kubika ingufumu kindi kiganiro.

Hakenewe kubika ingufu kugira ngo imiterere y’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba n’ikoreshwa ry’umuyaga irusheho kuba myiza, “bitabaye ibyo, ingomero z’amashanyarazi zikoresha gaze cyangwa amakara ni zo zifasha mu guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ingufu zitangwa n’izikenewe”.

Abashoramari, abashoramari, cyangwa abakora ingufu z'amashanyarazi bazashobora kongera gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, niba hashyizweho uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bufite aho buhuriye n'ubushobozi bw'ikigo cy'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa muri megawati.

“Urugero, niba ufite ububiko bw’amashanyarazi bwa 10MW ku ruhande rwa AC kandi ukaba wizeye ko uzashyiramo ububiko bwa 10MW, bazongera ubushobozi bwawe bugera kuri 20MW. Bityo, hazongerwamo 10MW nta kundi gupiganwa ku burenganzira,” Tokcan yagize ati.

“Rero aho kugira gahunda ihoraho yo kubika ingufu, leta irimo gutanga iyi gahunda yo gushishikariza ubushobozi bw’izuba cyangwa umuyaga.”

Uburyo bushya bwa kabiri ni uko abakora ububiko bw'ingufu bigenga bashobora gusaba ubushobozi bwo guhuza amashanyarazi ku rwego rwa sitasiyo ntoya.

Isosiyete ya Tokcan yitwa Inovat iratekereza ko aho izo mpinduka z’amategeko zabanje zafunguye isoko rya Turukiya, impinduka nshya zishobora gutuma habaho iterambere rikomeye ry’imishinga mishya y’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu 2023.

Aho kugira ngo leta ikeneye gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi, iri guha iyo nshingano ibigo byigenga mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu zishobora kubuza transfoma ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi kurenza urugero.

“Bikwiye gufatwa nk’ubushobozi bw’inyongera bushobora kongera gukoreshwa, ariko kandi n’ubushobozi bw’inyongera bwo guhuza [urusobe rw’amashanyarazi],” Tokcan yagize ati.

Amategeko mashya azasobanura ko ingufu nshya zishobora kongeramo ingufu

Kugeza muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, Turukiya yari ifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi angana na 100GW. Dukurikije imibare yemewe, harimo amashanyarazi angana na 31.5GW, gazi karemano 25.75GW, amakara 20GW hamwe n’umuyaga ungana na 11GW na 8GW by’izuba, naho andi asigaye akaba agizwe n’ingufu zikomoka ku bushyuhe n’ingufu za biomass.

Inzira nyamukuru yo kongeramo ingufu nini zishobora kongera gukoreshwa ni ugutanga amasoko yo gutanga impushya zo gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (FiT), aho leta ishaka kongeramo 10GW y'izuba na 10GW y'umuyaga mu gihe cy'imyaka 10 binyuze mu cyamunara aho abatanze ibiciro bihendutse batsinda.

Kubera ko igihugu kizaba cyihaye intego yo kutagira imyuka ihumanya ikirere bitarenze umwaka wa 2053, izo mpinduka mu mategeko mashya yo kubika ingufu imbere ya metero kare hamwe n’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zishobora gutuma habaho iterambere ryihuse kandi rinini.

Itegeko ry’ingufu muri Turukiya ryavuguruwe kandi haherutse gushyirwaho igihe cyo gutanga ibitekerezo ku mugaragaro, aho abashingamategeko biteganijwe ko bazatangaza vuba uburyo impinduka zizashyirwa mu bikorwa.

Kimwe mu bintu bitazwi neza ni ubwoko bw'ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu - mu masaha ya megawati (MWh) - buzakenerwa kuri megawati imwe y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, bityo zikaba zikoreshwa mu kubika.

Tokcan yavuze ko bishoboka ko bizaba bifite agaciro ka megawati hagati ya 1.5 na 2 kuri buri gikoresho, ariko ntibiramenyekana, kimwe mu byavuye mu nama n’abafatanyabikorwa n’abaturage.

Isoko ry'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri Turukiya n'inganda nazo zitanga amahirwe yo kubika ibintu

Hari kandi izindi mpinduka nkeya Tokcan yavuze ko zisa neza cyane mu rwego rwo kubika ingufu muri Turukiya.

Kimwe muri ibyo kiri ku isoko ry’ikoranabuhanga, aho abashinzwe kugenzura batanga impushya zo gukoresha sitasiyo zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV). Hagati ya 5% na 10% by’izo sitasiyo zikoresha DC fast charger, izindi sitasiyo zikoresha AC charging. Nk’uko Tokcan abivuga, sitasiyo zikoresha DC fast charger zishobora gusaba ububiko bw’ingufu kugira ngo zibubahirize grid.

Indi ni mu bucuruzi n'inganda (C&I), isoko ryitwa "ridafite uruhushya" ry'ingufu zisubiramo muri Turukiya - bitandukanye no gushyiraho ingufu zifite uruhushya rwa FiT - aho ubucuruzi bushyira ingufu zisubiramo, akenshi PV y'izuba ku gisenge cyazo cyangwa ahantu hatandukanye ku muyoboro umwe wo gukwirakwiza.

Mbere, umusaruro w’inyongera washoboraga kugurishwa mu ruganda, ibyo bigatuma ibikoresho byinshi binini kurusha ibyo byakoreshwaga mu ruganda, mu nganda zitunganya umusaruro, mu nyubako z’ubucuruzi cyangwa ibindi bisa nabyo.

Can Tokcan yagize ati: “Ibyo nabyo byarahindutse vuba aha, none ushobora kwishyurwa amafaranga wakoresheje koko.”

“Kuko iyo udacunga neza ubushobozi bwo gukora imirasire y’izuba cyangwa ubushobozi bwo gukora, birumvikana ko bitangira kuba umutwaro ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Ndatekereza ko ubu, ibi byagezweho, niyo mpamvu bo, leta n’inzego zikenewe, barimo gukora cyane mu kwihutisha gahunda zo kubika.”

Inovat ubwayo ifite umuyoboro wa megawati zigera kuri 250MWh, cyane cyane muri Turukiya ariko hamwe n'indi mishinga, kandi iyi sosiyete iherutse gufungura ibiro by'Abadage kugira ngo yibagize amahirwe yo kugera ku mugabane w'Uburayi.

Tokcan yavuze ko ubwo twaherukaga kuvugana muri Werurwe, aho ububiko bw'ingufu bwa Turukiya bwari buhagaze kuri megawati ebyiri. Uyu munsi, imishinga igera kuri 1GWh yatanzwe kandi imaze kugera ku ntambwe zo kwemerera kandi Inovat iteganya ko imiterere mishya y'amategeko ishobora gutuma isoko rya Turukiya rigera kuri "hafi 5GWh cyangwa hafi yayo".

“Ndatekereza ko icyerekezo kirimo guhinduka cyiza, isoko ririmo kwiyongera,” Tokcan yagize ati.