Inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba ziri gutera imbere cyane, aho miliyoni nyinshi z'imirasire y'izuba zashyizwe ku mazu arenga miliyoni eshatu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Kandi nyuma yo gutoranywa kw'Itegeko ryo Kugabanya Izamuka ry'Ibiciro, kwifashisha imirasire y'izuba byitezwe ko bizarushaho kwiyongera mu myaka icumi iri imbere, bitanga amahirwe menshi ku nganda kugira ngo zirusheho kuba nziza.

Mu bihe byashize, hatabayeho ikoranabuhanga n'ibikorwa remezo bikwiye, amafuremu ya aluminiyumu n'ibirahure byavanyweho bigurishwa ku nyungu ntoya mu gihe ibikoresho byabyo by'agaciro gakomeye, nka silikoni, feza na umuringa, byari bigoye cyane kubikuramo. Ibi ntibikibaho.

Izuba nk'isoko ry'ingufu zisubira

Ibigo bikora ibikoresho byo gusana imirasire y'izuba birimo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n'ibikorwa remezo kugira ngo bitunganye ingano y'izuba igiye kurangira. Mu mwaka ushize, ibigo bikora ibikoresho byo gusana imirasire y'izuba birimo no kongera uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusana no kugarura imirasire y'izuba.

Isosiyete ikora ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ingufu za SOLARCYCLE ikorana n'abatanga serivisi z'izuba nka Sunrun ishobora kongera agaciro kagera kuri 95% by'agaciro k'imashini zikoresha ingufu za mirasire y'izuba. Ibi bishobora gusubizwa mu ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bigakoreshwa mu gukora imashini nshya cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.

Mu by’ukuri birashoboka kugira uruhererekane rukomeye rw’ibikoresho bitanga imirasire y’izuba mu gihugu – cyane cyane bitewe n’Itegeko riherutse kwemeza Itegeko ryo Kugabanya Izamuka ry’Ibiciro n’imisoro yaryo ku nganda zikora imirasire y’izuba n’ibiyigize. Ibitekerezo biherutse kugaragara bigaragaza ko ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa bivuye mu mirasire y’izuba bizaba bifite agaciro karenga miliyari 2.7 z’amadolari mu 2030, bivuye kuri miliyoni 170 z’amadolari uyu mwaka. Gusubiramo imirasire y’izuba ntibikiri ikintu cyatekerejweho: ni ngombwa ku bidukikije kandi ni amahirwe mu bukungu.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, imirasire y'izuba yateye intambwe ikomeye iba isoko y'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ariko kongera ingufu ntibigihagije. Bizasaba ibirenze ikoranabuhanga ribangamira ibidukikije kugira ngo ingufu zisukuye zihenduke kandi zibe nziza kandi zirambye. Injeniyeri, abashingamategeko, ba rwiyemezamirimo n'abashoramari bagomba kongera gushyira hamwe no kuyobora imbaraga zihuriweho mu kubaka ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutunganya ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu gihugu hose no gukorana n'abafite imitungo ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba basanzweho ndetse n'abayishyira mu bikorwa. Guhindura ibikoresho bishobora kwaguka no kuba itegeko mu nganda.

Ishoramari nk'igice cy'ingenzi mu kongera uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha imirasire y'izuba

Ishoramari rishobora kandi gufasha kwihutisha iterambere ry’isoko ry’ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ingufu. Laboratwari y’igihugu y’ishami ry’ingufu yasanze ko iyo leta itanze inkunga ntoya, ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ingufu bishobora guhaza 30-50% by’ibikenewe mu nganda zikora imirasire y’izuba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2040. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko $18 kuri buri gice cy’izuba mu gihe cy’imyaka 12 cyashyiraho inganda zikora ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ingufu z’izuba mu buryo bwunguka kandi burambye mu 2032.

Aya mafaranga ni make ugereranije n’inkunga leta itanga ku bikomoka kuri peteroli. Mu 2020, ibikomoka kuri peteroli byakiriye inkunga ya tiriyari 5.9 z’amadolari y’Amerika - ubwo bashyiraga ku giciro cya karubone mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage (ikiguzi cy’ubukungu kijyanye n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere), bigereranywa ko ari $200 kuri toni ya karubone cyangwa inkunga ya leta hafi $2 kuri galoni ya lisansi, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bubigaragaza.

Itandukaniro uru rwego rushobora kugira ku bakiriya bacu no ku isi ni rinini cyane. Dukomeje gushora imari no guhanga udushya, dushobora kugera ku nganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zirambye, zihangana kandi zihanganira imihindagurikire y'ikirere kuri bose. Ntidushobora kubyihanganira.