Ibyiringiro byabateri ya litiyumu-iyoniInganda zirashyushye, kandi ibiciro by’ibiciro bya bateri za lithium bizarushaho gukomera mu gihe kizaza. Bamwe mu bantu bo muri urwo rwego bateganya ko irushanwa ringana rizazana gusa irushanwa rikomeye kandi inyungu z’inganda zikagabanuka. Mu gihe kizaza, irushanwa rusange ry’ibiciro bya bateri za lithium rizarushaho kwiyongera, ariko hazabaho ivangura ku isoko, kandi irushanwa ry’ibiciro rizarushaho kwiyongera. Amasosiyete y’ibicuruzwa ashobora kugira ibiciro byiza n’inyungu nziza bitewe n’uko inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bishya zikoreshwa mu buryo bunini, bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga ryinjije mu ruganda ndetse n’imbaraga z’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere.
Icyizere cy'inganda za bateri za lithiamu-ion kiri hejuru cyane, kandi ibiciro bya bateri za lithiamu bizaba bikomeye mu gihe kizaza.
Bitewe n’iterambere ry’inganda mu gutwara ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu, ibihugu hirya no hino ku isi n’ibigo by’ingenzi byashyize imbaraga mu guteza imbere inganda za bateri za lithiamu-ion mu rwego rwa bateri za lithiamu zikoresha ingufu. Ikoranabuhanga rya bateri za lithiamu zikoresha ingufu zidasanzwe zishingiye ku bikoresho bishya n’imiterere ryabaye intandaro y’amarushanwa mu bihugu bitandukanye. Kunoza umutekano, igihe cyo kubaho, n’imiterere y’ubushyuhe buke bwa bateri za lithiamu zikoresha ingufu zisanzwe no kugabanya ikiguzi ni byo byerekezo by’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda.

Ibibazo bya kera igihugu cyanjye cyahuye nabyobateri ya litiyumu-iyoniInganda, nko kutagira ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze, urwego ruto rw’imikorere muri rusange, n’irushanwa ringana, ntabwo byakemutse. Kuri ubu, hari ibibazo bishya nko gushorwa kw’imari, kwiyongera kw’umusaruro, ububiko bushya, no kugabanuka kw’inyungu mbumbe. Hamwe no gukwirakwira kw’uburinzi bw’ibanze, ntabwo ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki rihari, ibyo bikaba bibangamira iterambere ryiza ry’ibigo byiza. Kuri ubu, isoko ry’ibikoresho bya lithium n’ibikenewe ku isoko rya litium ntibiringaniye cyane, cyane cyane ko igipimo cy’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bya lithium mu musaruro kiri munsi ya 30%.

Ukurikije ibice by'ingenzi bya bateri za lithium-ion, ibigo bikora ibikoresho bya electrode nziza, ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, electrolytes, n'ibitandukanya byose bihura n'ibibazo nko guhangana guhurirana, umusaruro mwinshi, n'intambara z'ibiciro ku rugero rutandukanye. Gukorwa cyane muri rusange kw'ibikoresho bya bateri za lithium byatumye habaho ubusumbane hagati y'ibitangwa n'ibikenewe, kwiyongera k'imbaraga zo mu gihe cyo guhagarara, kandi ipiganwa ry'ibiciro ritari ryiza ryabaye ikintu gisanzwe. Muri byo, ubwinshi bwa phosphate ya lithium ni bwo bukomeye cyane, kandi igipimo cy'ikoreshwa ry'umusaruro kiri munsi ya 10%.
Imwe mu mpamvu zituma bateri za lithium-ion zitera imbere vuba ni uko abakora imodoka hirya no hino ku isi barimo kwihutisha ikorwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ku rundi ruhande, nubwo bateri za lithium-ion muri iki gihe ari amahitamo y’ingenzi ku bakora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, mu gihe kirekire, ikorwa ry’ibindi bikoresho bya bateri rirakomeje. Abakora bateri bagerageza gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kugira ngo banoze imikorere y’ibindi bikoresho, bagabanye ikiguzi, kandi bongere umusaruro.

Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza ry'inganda za bateri za lithiamu-ion mu gihugu cyanjye
Icya mbere: Ingano y'isoko izakomeza kwaguka. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda zikora telefoni zigendanwa, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'izindi nganda zo mu gihugu cyanjye, icyifuzo cy'isoko rya bateri za lithiamu-ion kizakomeza kwiyongera. Raporo iteganya ko ingano y'isoko ry'inganda zikora bateri za lithiamu-ion zo mu gihugu cyanjye izarenga miliyari 100 mu 2024.
Icya kabiri: Umusaruro wa bateri za lithiamu-ion uzakomeza kuba mu turere tw’inkombe z’iburasirazuba. Mu gihe kizaza, agace k’umusaruro wa bateri za lithiamu-ion kazakomeza kuba agace k’inkombe z’iburasirazuba za Guangdong, Jiangsu, na Fujian. Igice cy’iburasirazuba kizibanda ku bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya bateri za lithiamu-ion zigezweho, kandi umusaruro wa bateri za lithiamu-ion z’ibanze uzimurirwa mu turere tumwe na tumwe two hagati.
Icya gatatu: Ingufu ziracyari intambwe ikomeye mu gukenera bateri za lithiamu-ion. Bitewe na politiki y'igihugu, imodoka nshya zitanga ingufu zifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere, kandi bateri za lithiamu-ion zitanga ingufu, nk'ibice by'ingenzi, nazo zitanga amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere.
Mu nganda zikora bateri za lithiamu-iyoni, ubu hari amahitamo abiri imbere yacu: amahitamo amwe ni ugukomeza kurwana wenyine ku rwego rumwe nta bipimo ngenderwaho, no gukomeza guhangana na bagenzi bacu mu bijyanye n'igiciro; andi mahitamo ni uguhuza inganda zose. Imbaraga za tekiniki za buri sano mu ruhererekane zirahuzwa kugira ngo zigaragaze ibyiza byo guhuza mu bice bitandukanye.
Ku bigo byinshi byo mu gihugubateri ya litiyumuInganda, baba bashaka gutangiza uruhererekane mpuzamahanga rw’ibicuruzwa cyangwa guhuza uruhererekane rwose rw’inganda, ikoranabuhanga ni ryo rihora riyobora uru rwego, kandi iyo habayeho iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ni bwo isoko ry’ibikoresho bya mudasobwa rizamuka.
Mu myaka mike iri imbere, isoko rya bateri za lithiamu mu gihugu cyanjye rizakomeza kwiyongera cyane, kandi icyifuzo gishya cya bateri za lithiamu zizaturuka ahanini ku izamuka ry’ibiciro bya bateri za ternary. Muri 2019, politiki y’inkunga ishobora kongera guhindurwa, kandi igiciro cya bateri kizagabanuka cyane hashingiwe ku giciro cyo muri 2018. Kubwibyo, amwe mu masosiyete afite ikoranabuhanga ribi n’inyungu azakurwaho, ibicuruzwa byo ku rwego rwo hejuru bizakungukira, kandi umubare w’inganda uzakomeza kwiyongera. Amwe mu masosiyete afite inyungu mu bunini n’ikoranabuhanga azagira amahirwe meza.