Amabateri ya Scooter y'amashanyarazi
Bateri ni "ikigega cya lisansi" cya scooter yawe y'amashanyarazi. Ibika ingufu zikoreshwa na moteri ya DC, amatara, igenzura, n'ibindi bikoresho.

Scooter nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi ziba zifite ubwoko runaka bwa bateri ishingiye kuri lithium ion bitewe n'ubucucike bwazo bwiza bw'ingufu n'igihe kirekire. Scooter nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi ku bana n'izindi moderi zihendutse ziba zirimo bateri za aside ya lead. Muri scooter, bateri ikozwe mu turemangingo twihariye n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byitwa sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ituma ikomeza gukora neza.
Bateri nini zifite ubushobozi bwinshi, zipimirwa mu masaha ya watt, kandi zituma scooter y'amashanyarazi igenda irushaho kugenda. Ariko, yongera ingano n'uburemere bwa scooter - bigatuma idatwarwa cyane. Byongeye kandi, bateri ni kimwe mu bice bihenze cyane bya scooter kandi ikiguzi rusange kiriyongera uko bikwiye.

Ubwoko bwa Bateri
Udupaki twa bateri za e-scooter dukozwe mu turemangingo twinshi twa bateri. By’umwihariko, tugizwe n’uturemangingo 18650, ingano ya bateri za lithium ion (Li-Ion) zifite ingano ya 18 mm x 65 mm.

Buri selile ya 18650 iri mu ipaki ya bateri ntabwo itangaje cyane - itanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zingana na ~ volts 3.6 (nominal) kandi ifite ubushobozi bwa amplifiers zigera kuri 2.6 (2.6 A·ah) cyangwa amasaha ya watts 9.4 (9.4 Wh).

Uturemangingo twa bateri dukora kuva kuri volti 3.0 (0% charge) kugeza kuri volti 4.2 (100% charge).

Iyoni ya Lithiyumu
Bateri za Li-Ion zifite ubucucike bw'ingufu buhebuje, ingano y'ingufu zibikwa hakurikijwe uburemere bwazo. Zifite kandi igihe kirekire cyane bivuze ko zishobora gusezererwa no kongera gusharijwa cyangwa "gusiganwa" inshuro nyinshi ariko zigakomeza kubika neza.

Mu by'ukuri, Li-ion yerekeza ku bintu byinshi bya shimi bya bateri birimo iyoni ya lithiamu. Dore urutonde rugufi ruri hepfo:

Okiside ya manganese ya Lithium (LiMn2O4); izwi ku izina rya: IMR, LMO, Li-manganese
Nikeli ya Lithium manganese (LiNiMnCoO2); izwi ku izina rya INR, NMC
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminiyumu okiside (LiNiCoAlO2); aka NCA, Li-aluminium
Lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiCoO2); bita NCO
Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2); izwi ku izina rya ICR, LCO, Li-cobalt
Fosifate y'icyuma ya Lithium (LiFePO4); bita IFR, LFP, Li-phosphate
Buri kimwe muri ibi binyabutabire bya batiri kigaragaza imikoranire hagati y’umutekano, igihe kirekire, ubushobozi, n’umusaruro w’amashanyarazi.

Manganese ya Lithiyumu (INR, NMC)
Ku bw'amahirwe, ama-scooter menshi meza y'amashanyarazi akoresha shimi ya bateri ya INR - imwe mu ma-chemist yizewe cyane. Iyi bateri itanga ubushobozi bwo hejuru n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Kuba hari manganese bigabanya imbaraga zo gukora imbere muri bateri, bigatuma umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi usohoka mwinshi mu gihe bigumana ubushyuhe buri hasi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibi bigabanya amahirwe yo gushyuha no gutwika.

Zimwe muri scooters zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite ikoranabuhanga rya INR zirimo WePed GT 50e na Dualtron.

Aside y'ubutare
Aside y'ubutare ni ubwoko bwa kera cyane bwa batiri bukunze kuboneka mu modoka no mu modoka nini zikoresha amashanyarazi, nka za golf cart. Ziboneka no muri zimwe muri scooters zikoresha amashanyarazi; cyane cyane scooters z'abana zihendutse zo mu bigo nka Razor.

Bateri za aside ya lead zifite akamaro ko kuba zihendutse, ariko zifite ikibazo cyo kuba zifite ubucucike buke cyane bw'ingufu, bivuze ko zipima cyane ugereranyije n'ingano y'ingufu zibika. Mu kubigereranya, bateri za Li-ion zifite ubucucike bw'ingufu bungana inshuro 10 ugereranyije na bateri za aside ya lead.

Paki za bateri
Kugira ngo hubakwe ipaki ya bateri ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amasaha amagana cyangwa ibihumbi ya watt, uturemangingo twinshi twa Li-ion 18650 duteranyirizwa hamwe mu buryo bumeze nk'amatafari. Ipaki ya bateri imeze nk'amatafari igenzurwa kandi ikagenzurwa na circuit ya elegitoroniki yitwa sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS), igenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi yinjira n'asohoka muri bateri.
Utunyangingo twihariye muri bateri duhujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye (kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera) bipima voltage yabyo. Uku niko bishoboka kugira ama-scooter afite bateri ya 36 V, 48 V, 52 V, 60 V, cyangwa nini kurushaho.

Hanyuma izi nsinga (bateri nyinshi zikurikiranye) zihuzwa icyarimwe kugira ngo zongere umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.

Mu guhindura umubare w’uturemangingo mu buryo bukurikiranye n’ubwo mu buryo bungana, abakora scooter z’amashanyarazi bashobora kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi cyangwa imbaraga z’amashanyarazi n’isaha nini.

Guhindura imiterere ya bateri ntibizongera ingufu zose zibitswe, ariko bituma bateri itanga ingufu nyinshi kandi ikagira voltage nkeya, ndetse n'ibindi.

Voltage na % isigaye
Buri kagari kari mu ipaki ya bateri muri rusange gakoreshwa kuva kuri volti 3.0 (0% charge) kugeza kuri volti 4.2 (100% charge).

Ibi bivuze ko paki ya bateri ya 36 V, (ifite bateri 10 zikurikiranye) ikoreshwa kuva kuri 30 V (0% charge) kugeza kuri volts 42 (100% charge). Ushobora kubona uburyo % isigaye ihuye na voltage ya bateri (scooters zimwe na zimwe zibigaragaza neza) kuri buri bwoko bwa bateri mu mbonerahamwe yacu ya voltage ya bateri.

Kugabanuka k'ingufu z'amashanyarazi
Bateri yose igiye guhura n'ikibazo cyitwa voltage sag.

Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi guterwa n'ingaruka nyinshi, harimo shimi ya litiyumu-iyoni, ubushyuhe, no kudakoresha amashanyarazi. Buri gihe bitera imikorere idahuje n'umurongo w'amashanyarazi ya batiri.

Iyo umutwaro ushyizwe kuri bateri, voltage ihita igabanuka. Ibi bishobora gutuma bateri ipima nabi ubushobozi bwayo. Iyo usoma voltage ya bateri mu buryo butaziguye, watekereza ko wahise utakaza 10% by'ubushobozi bwayo cyangwa irenga.

Iyo umutwaro ukuweho, voltage ya bateri izasubira ku rwego rwayo nyarwo.

Kugabanuka k'amashanyarazi (voltage) bibaho kandi mu gihe bateri isohoka igihe kirekire (nk'igihe igenda mu rugendo rurerure). Ubuhanga bwa litiyumu muri bateri bufata igihe kugira ngo buhuze n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Ibi bishobora gutuma ingufu za bateri zigabanuka vuba cyane mu gihe cy'urugendo rurerure.

Iyo bateri yemerewe kuruhuka, izasubira ku rugero rwayo rw'amashanyarazi nyayo kandi nyayo.

Isuzuma ry'ubushobozi
Ubushobozi bwa bateri ya e-scooter bupimirwa mu byiciro bya watt saa (mu magambo ahinnye Wh), igipimo cy'ingufu. Iki gipimo cyoroshye kumva. Urugero, bateri ifite amanota ya 1 Wh ibika ingufu zihagije zo gutanga watt imwe y'ingufu mu gihe cy'isaha imwe.

Ubushobozi bw'ingufu bwinshi bivuze amasaha menshi ya watt ya batiri, bivuze ko ari scooter y'amashanyarazi ndende, kuri moteri runaka. Scooter isanzwe ifite ubushobozi bwa Wh 250 kandi ishobora kugenda ibirometero bigera kuri 10 ku mpuzandengo ya kilometero 30 ku isaha. Scooter zikora neza cyane zishobora kugira ubushobozi bugera ku masaha ibihumbi ya watt n'intera igera kuri kilometero 16.

Ibirango bya bateri
Uturemangingo twa Li-ion buri kimwe muri bateri ya e-scooter dukorwa n'ibigo bike bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Uturemangingo twiza cyane dukorwa na LG, Samsung, Panasonic, na Sanyo. Ubwo bwoko bw'uturemangingo bukunze kuboneka gusa mu dupaki twa bateri twa scooter zo mu rwego rwo hejuru.

Scooter nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi zihendutse kandi zitwara abantu benshi zifite bateri zikozwe mu turemangingo dusanzwe twakozwe mu Bushinwa, kandi ubuziranenge bwazo buratandukanye cyane.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya scooter zifite uturemangingo tw’ikirango n’izisanzwe zo mu Bushinwa ni icyizere gikomeye cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibirango bizwi. Niba ibyo bitari mu ngengo y’imari yawe, menya neza ko uguze scooter ku ruganda ruzwi rukoresha ibice by’ubuziranenge kandi rufite ibipimo byo kugenzura ubuziranenge (QC).

Ingero zimwe na zimwe z'ibigo bishobora kugira QC nziza ni Xiaomi na Segway.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri
Nubwo uturemangingo twa Li-ion 18650 dufite inyungu zitangaje, ntabwo dukunda kwihanganira izindi tekinoloji za bateri kandi dushobora guturika iyo tukoreshejwe nabi. Niyo mpamvu hafi ya yose dushyirwa mu dupaki twa bateri dufite sisitemu yo gucunga bateri.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) ni igice cy'ikoranabuhanga gikurikirana ipaki ya bateri kandi kikagenzura gusharija no gusohora umuriro. Bateri za Li-ion zagenewe gukora hagati ya 2.5 na 4.0 V. Gushyushya cyane cyangwa gusohora umuriro burundu bishobora kugabanya igihe bateri imara cyangwa bigatera imihindagurikire y'ubushyuhe. BMS igomba kwirinda gusharija cyane. BMS nyinshi nazo zigabanya ingufu mbere yuko bateri isohora umuriro kugira ngo yongere igihe cyo kubaho. Nubwo bimeze bityo, abashoferi benshi baracyakomeza kugabanya ingufu za bateri zabo ntibazishyiremo umuriro wose kandi bakoresha charger zidasanzwe kugira ngo bagenzure neza umuvuduko n'ingano yo gusharija.

Sisitemu zigezweho zo gucunga bateri nazo zizakurikirana ubushyuhe bw'ipaki kandi zigatuma habaho guhagarara k'umuriro iyo habayeho gushyuha cyane.

Igipimo cya C
Niba urimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye no gusharija bateri, ushobora guhura n'igipimo cya C. Igipimo cya C gisobanura uburyo bateri ishyuzwa cyangwa isohoka vuba. Urugero, igipimo cya C cya 1C bivuze ko bateri ishyuzwa mu isaha imwe, 2C bivuze ko yuzuye mu masaha 0.5, naho 0.5C bivuze ko yuzuye mu masaha abiri. Iyo washyuje bateri ya 100 A·ah ukoresheje 100 A current, byatwara isaha imwe naho igipimo cya C-cyaba 1C.

Ubuzima bwa bateri
Bateri isanzwe ya Li-ion izabasha kwihanganira imikorere ya 300 kugeza kuri 500 yo gushyushya/gusohora umuriro mbere yo kugabanuka k'ubushobozi. Kuri scooter isanzwe ikoresha amashanyarazi, iyi ni kilometero 3000 kugeza kuri 10 000! Wibuke ko "kugabanuka k'ubushobozi" bitavuze "gutakaza ubushobozi bwose," ahubwo bivuze kugabanuka kugaragara kwa 10 kugeza kuri 20% bizakomeza kwiyongera.

Uburyo bugezweho bwo gucunga bateri bufasha kongera igihe cyo gukoresha bateri kandi ntugahangayikishwe cyane no kuyikoresha.

Ariko, niba wifuza kongera igihe bateri imara uko bishoboka kose, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe ushobora gukora kugira ngo urenze uruziga 500. Ibi birimo:

Ntubike scooter yawe yuzuye umuriro cyangwa charger irafunzwe igihe kirekire.
Ntubike scooter y'amashanyarazi yuzuye. Bateri za Li-ion zirangirika iyo zimanutse munsi ya 2.5 V. Abakora benshi basaba kubika scooter zifite 50% by'amashanyarazi, kandi bakazongera kuri urwo rwego buri gihe kugira ngo zibikwe igihe kirekire.
Ntugakoreshe batiri ya scooter mu bushyuhe buri munsi ya 32 F° cyangwa hejuru ya 113 F°.
Shyira umuriro kuri scooter yawe ku gipimo cya C kiri hasi, bivuze ko shyira umuriro kuri bateri ku gipimo kiri hasi ugereranyije n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kubungabunga/kunoza ubuzima bwa bateri. Shyira umuriro kuri C uri munsi ya 1 ni byiza cyane. Zimwe mu mashini zishyushya zigezweho cyangwa zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi zigufasha kubigenzura.
Menya byinshi ku bijyanye no gusharija scooter y'amashanyarazi.

Incamake

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kumenya hano ni ukudakoresha nabi bateri kandi izamara igihe kirekire iyo scooter ikora. Twumva abantu b'ingeri zose bavuga ko scooter zabo z'amashanyarazi zangiritse kandi akenshi ntabwo ari ikibazo cya bateri!