Tekereza umupfumu abwira ababyeyi bawe, ku munsi wavutseho, igihe uzamara. Ubunararibonye nk'ubwo burashoboka ku bahanga mu bya shimi bakoresha uburyo bushya bwo kubara kugira ngo babare igihe cy'ubuzima bwa bateri hashingiwe ku mubare umwe w'amakuru y'igerageza.

Mu bushakashatsi bushya, abashakashatsi bo muri Laboratwari y’igihugu ya Argonne, ishami rya Amerika rishinzwe ingufu (DOE), bifashishije imbaraga zo kwiga imashini kugira ngo bahanure ubuzima bw’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibinyabutabire bya bateri. Bakoresheje amakuru y’igerageza yakusanyijwe muri Argonne aturutse muri bateri 300 zihagarariye ibinyabutabire bitandatu bitandukanye bya bateri, abahanga mu bya siyansi bashobora kumenya neza igihe bateri zitandukanye zizakomeza gukora.

Abashakashatsi ba Argonne bakoresheje uburyo bwo kwigira ku mashini kugira ngo bahanure ubuzima bw'uruziga rwa bateri ku bintu bitandukanye bya shimi. (Ifoto ya Shutterstock / Sealstep.)

Muri gahunda yo kwigira ku mashini, abahanga mu bya siyansi batoza porogaramu ya mudasobwa kugira ngo ifate umwanzuro ku makuru ya mbere, hanyuma ibyo yize muri ayo mahugurwa bifate ibyemezo ku yandi makuru.

“Kuri buri bwoko butandukanye bw’ikoreshwa rya bateri, kuva kuri telefoni zigendanwa kugeza ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kugeza ku kubika imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, igihe bateri ikoresha ni ingenzi cyane kuri buri muguzi,” ibi byavuzwe n’umuhanga mu by’ibarura wa Argonne Noah Paulson, umwanditsi w’ubushakashatsi. “Gukoresha bateri inshuro ibihumbi kugeza inaniwe bishobora gufata imyaka myinshi; uburyo bwacu butuma tubona ubwoko bw’igikoni cyo gupima aho dushobora kumenya vuba uko bateri zitandukanye zizakora.”

“Ubu, uburyo bwonyine bwo gusuzuma uburyo ubushobozi bwa bateri bugabanuka ni ugukoresha bateri mu buryo busanzwe,” yongeraho Argonne umuhanga mu by’amashanyarazi Susan “Sue” Babinec, undi mwanditsi w’ubushakashatsi. “Birahenze cyane kandi bifata igihe kirekire.”

Nk’uko Paulson abivuga, inzira yo gushyiraho igihe bateri imara ishobora kugorana. Yagize ati: “Mu by’ukuri, bateri ntizimara igihe kirekire, kandi igihe zimara biterwa n’uburyo tuzikoresha, ndetse n’imiterere yazo n’ubutabire bwazo.” “Kugeza ubu, nta buryo bwiza bwo kumenya igihe bateri izamara. Abantu bazashaka kumenya igihe bafite kugeza igihe bagomba gukoresha amafaranga kuri bateri nshya.”

Kimwe mu bintu byihariye by’ubushakashatsi ni uko bwishingikirije ku mirimo myinshi y’igerageza yakozwe muri Argonne ku bikoresho bitandukanye bya cathode ya bateri, cyane cyane cathode ishingiye kuri nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) ya Argonne. Paulson yagize ati: “Twari dufite bateri zihagarariye shimi zitandukanye, zifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kwangirika no gutsindwa.” “Agaciro k’ubu bushakashatsi ni uko bwaduhaye ibimenyetso biranga uburyo bateri zitandukanye zikora.”

Paulson yagize ati: “Inyigo y’inyongera muri uru rwego ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora ahazaza ha bateri za lithium-ion. Kimwe mu byo dushobora gukora ni ugutoza algorithm ku buhanga buzwi no kuyigira iteganyagihe ku buhanga butari buzwi.” “Mu by’ukuri, algorithm ishobora kudufasha kutwereka icyerekezo cy’ubuhanga bushya kandi bwiza butanga ubuzima burebure.”

Muri ubu buryo, Paulson yizera ko uburyo bwo kwigira ku mashini bushobora kwihutisha iterambere n'igeragezwa ry'ibikoresho bya bateri. “Tuvuge ko ufite ibikoresho bishya, hanyuma ukabikora inshuro nke. Ushobora gukoresha uburyo bwacu bwo kumenya igihe bizamara, hanyuma ugafata icyemezo niba ushaka gukomeza kubikora mu buryo bw'igerageza cyangwa utabishaka.”

Babinec yongeyeho ati: “Niba uri umushakashatsi muri laboratwari, ushobora kuvumbura no kugerageza ibindi bikoresho byinshi mu gihe gito kuko uba ufite uburyo bwihuse bwo kubisuzuma.”

Inyandiko ishingiye ku bushakashatsi, "Ubwubatsi bw'imikorere yo kwigira ku mashini bwatumye haboneka igihe bateri izamara hakiri kare"," byagaragaye mu kinyamakuru cyo kuri interineti cyo ku ya 25 Gashyantare cy’ikinyamakuru cya Power Sources.

Uretse Paulson na Babinec, abandi banditsi b'iyi nyandiko barimo Joseph Kubal wa Argonne, Logan Ward, Saurabh Saxena na Wenquan Lu.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwatewe inkunga n'inkunga ya Argonne Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD).