Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwabateri za lithiamu-iyoni(li-ion): uturemangingo tw’umurambararo, uturemangingo twa prismatic, n’uturemangingo tw’umufuka. Mu nganda za EV, iterambere ryiza cyane rireba uturemangingo twa cylindrical na prismatic. Nubwo imiterere ya bateri ya cylindrical yamenyekanye cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha, hari ibintu byinshi bigaragaza ko uturemangingo twa prismatic dushobora kubyigarurira.

Ni ikiUtunyangingo twa Prismatike

Aselile ya prismatikeni akagari gafite shimi ifunze mu gasanduku gakomeye. Imiterere yako y'urukiramende yemerera gushyira neza ibice byinshi muri module ya bateri. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'uturemangingo twa prismatic: impapuro za electrode ziri mu gasanduku (anode, separator, cathode) zirashyirwa hamwe cyangwa zigaseswa.

Ku bunini bumwe, uturemangingo twa prismatic dushyizwe hamwe dushobora kurekura ingufu nyinshi icyarimwe, bigatanga imikorere myiza, mu gihe uturemangingo twa prismatic dukozwe mu buryo bwa flattened tuba dufite ingufu nyinshi, tugatanga kuramba kurushaho.

Uturemangingo twa Prismatic dukoreshwa cyane cyane mu bubiko bw'ingufu n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ubunini bwazo butuma zitaba nziza ku bikoresho bito nka e-bike na terefone. Kubwibyo, zikwiriye cyane gukoreshwa mu gukoresha ingufu nyinshi.

Uturemangingo twa Silindrike ni iki?

Aakaremangingo k'umuzengurukoni akazu gafungiye mu gasanduku gakomeye ka silindiri. Utunyangingo duto kandi twizengurutse, bigatuma dushobora kuzishyira mu bikoresho by'ingano zose. Bitandukanye n'ubundi bwoko bwa bateri, imiterere yatwo irinda kubyimba, ikintu kidakenewe muri bateri aho imyuka ihurira mu gasanduku.

Uturemangingo twa Cylindrical twakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri mudasobwa zigendanwa, zari zirimo uturemangingo turi hagati ya dutatu na icyenda. Hanyuma twakunzwe cyane ubwo Tesla yadukoreshaga mu modoka zayo za mbere zikoresha amashanyarazi (Roadster na Model S), zari zirimo uturemangingo turi hagati ya 6.000 na 9.000.

Uturemangingo tw’ikirahure (cylindrical cells) dukoreshwa no mu magare ya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, na satelite. Nanone ni ingenzi mu gushakisha ikirere bitewe n’imiterere yacyo; izindi imiterere y’uturemangingo yahinduka bitewe n’umuvuduko w’ikirere. Urugero, Rover ya nyuma yoherejwe kuri Mars ikoresha uturemangingo tw’ikirahure. Imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa Formula E zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi zikoresha uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe two muri batiri yazo.

Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi hagati y'uturemangingo twa Prismatic na Cylindrical

Imiterere si cyo kintu cyonyine gitandukanya uturemangingo twa prismatic na cylindrical. Izindi tandukaniro ry'ingenzi ririmo ingano yatwo, umubare w'amashanyarazi ahuza, n'ingufu zisohoka.

Ingano

Uturemangingo twa Prismatic ni dunini cyane kurusha uturemangingo twa cylindrical, bityo tukaba dufite ingufu nyinshi kuri buri turemangingo. Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza itandukaniro riri hagati y’uturemangingo, uturemangingo twa prismatic dushobora kugira ingufu zingana n’uturemangingo twa cylindrical 20 na 100. Ingano nto y’uturemangingo twa cylindrical bivuze ko dushobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba imbaraga nke. Kubera iyo mpamvu, dukoreshwa mu bikorwa byinshi.

Imibanire

Kubera ko uturemangingo twa prismatic ari tunini kurusha uturemangingo twa cylindrical, hakenewe uturemangingo duke kugira ngo tugere ku ngano imwe y'ingufu. Ibi bivuze ko kuri bateri zikoresha uturemangingo twa prismatic zifite amashanyarazi make agomba gusudira. Iyi ni inyungu ikomeye ku turemangingo twa prismatic kuko hari amahirwe make yo gukora amakosa.

Ingufu

Uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo dushobora kubika ingufu nkeya ugereranije n’uturemangingo twa prismatic, ariko dufite imbaraga nyinshi. Ibi bivuze ko uturemangingo twa cylindrical dushobora gusohora ingufu zatwo vuba ugereranije n’uturemangingo twa prismatic. Impamvu ni uko dufite uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza kuri amp-saa (Ah). Kubera iyo mpamvu, uturemangingo twa cylindrical ni ingirakamaro mu gukoresha ingufu nyinshi mu gihe uturemangingo twa prismatic ari ingirakamaro mu kunoza imikorere y’ingufu.

Urugero rw'ibikoresho byo gukoresha bateri nziza cyane birimo imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa Formula E na kajugujugu ya Ingenuity kuri Mars. Byombi bisaba gukora cyane mu bidukikije bikomeye.

Impamvu Seli za Prismatic zishobora kuba zifata

Inganda za EV ziratera imbere vuba, kandi ntibiramenyekana neza niba uturemangingo twa prismatic cyangwa uturemangingo twa cylindrical tuzatsinda. Kuri ubu, uturemangingo twa cylindrical turakwirakwiriye cyane mu nganda za EV, ariko hari impamvu zo gutekereza ko uturemangingo twa prismatic tuzakundwa cyane.

Ubwa mbere, uturemangingo twa prismatic dutanga amahirwe yo kugabanya ikiguzi binyuze mu kugabanya umubare w'intambwe zo gukora. Imiterere yatwo ituma bishoboka gukora uturemangingo tunini, ibi bikaba bigabanya umubare w'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikeneye gusukurwa no gusukurwa.

Bateri za Prismatic nazo ni imiterere myiza ya shimi ya lithium-iron phosphate (LFP), uruvange rw'ibikoresho bihendutse kandi byoroshye kubona. Bitandukanye n'ibindi binyabutabire, bateri za LFP zikoresha umutungo uri hose ku isi. Ntizikenera ibikoresho bidasanzwe kandi bihenze nka nikeli na kobalti bitera ikiguzi cy'izindi selile kuzamura.

Hari ibimenyetso bikomeye byerekana ko uturemangingo twa LFP prismatic turimo kuvuka. Muri Aziya, abakora EV basanzwe bakoresha bateri za LiFePO4, ubwoko bwa bateri ya LFP mu buryo bwa prismatic. Tesla yavuze kandi ko yatangiye gukoresha bateri za prismatic zikorerwa mu Bushinwa ku bwoko busanzwe bw'imodoka zayo.

Icyakora, shimi ya LFP ifite ingaruka mbi zikomeye. Impamvu imwe ni uko ifite ingufu nke ugereranyije n’izindi shimi zikoreshwa ubu, bityo, ntishobora gukoreshwa ku modoka zikora neza nka za Formula 1 zikoresha amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu zo gucunga bateri (BMS) zigorwa no kumenya urwego rw’ishaja rya bateri.

Ushobora kureba iyi videwo kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuriLFPshimi n'impamvu irimo kwiyongera mu gukundwa.