Ubwoko bushya bwabateri y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyaraziishobora kuramba igihe kirekire mu bushyuhe bukabije n'ubukonje bukabije, nk'uko ubushakashatsi buherutse kubigaragaza.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko bateri zatuma imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi zigenda kure ku muvuduko umwe mu bushyuhe bukonje - kandi ntizishobora gushyuha cyane mu bushyuhe bukabije.

Ibi byatuma abashoferi ba EV badasaba kwishyuza kenshi ndetse bigatumabateriubuzima burebure.

Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi b’Abanyamerika ryakoze ikintu gishya kirwanya ubushyuhe bukabije mu buryo bwa shimi kandi cyongerwamo bateri za lithium zikoresha ingufu nyinshi.

Umwanditsi mukuru Porofeseri Zheng Chen wo muri Kaminuza ya California-San Diego yagize ati: “Ukeneye gukora ubushyuhe bwinshi mu bice aho ubushyuhe bw’ikirere bushobora kugera ku mibare itatu kandi imihanda irushaho gushyuha.”

“Mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, bateri ziba ziri munsi y’ubutaka, hafi y’iyi mihanda ishyushye. Nanone, bateri zishyuha bitewe n’uko umugezi unyura mu gihe cy’akazi.”

“Niba bateri zidashobora kwihanganira ubu bushyuhe buri hejuru, imikorere yazo izagabanuka vuba.”

Mu nyandiko yasohotse kuwa mbere mu kinyamakuru Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, abashakashatsi basobanura uburyo mu bizamini, bateri zagumanye 87.5 ku ijana na 115.9 ku ijana by'ubushobozi bwazo bw'ingufu kuri -40 Selisiyusi (–104 Fahrenheit) na 50 Selisiyusi (122 Fahrenheit) uko bikurikirana.

Zari zifite kandi ubushobozi bwo hejuru bwa Coulombic bwa 98.2 ku ijana na 98.7 ku ijana, bivuze ko bateri zishobora kunyura mu bihe byinshi byo gusharija mbere yuko zihagarara gukora.

Ibi biterwa n'umunyu wa lithiamu na dibutyl ether, ikiyiko kitagira ibara gikoreshwa mu nganda zimwe na zimwe nk'imiti n'imiti yica udukoko.

Dibutyl ether ifasha kuko molekile zayo zidakina umupira na iyoni za lithiamu byoroshye mu gihe bateri ikora kandi ikarushaho kunoza imikorere yayo mu bushyuhe buri munsi ya zeru.

Byongeye kandi, dibutyl ether ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe ku rugero rwayo rwa selisiyusi 141 (285.8 Fahrenheit) bivuze ko iguma mu mazi ku bushyuhe bwinshi.

Igituma iyi electrolyte iba idasanzwe ni uko ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe na bateri ya lithium-sulfure, ishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi ifite anode ikozwe muri lithium na cathode ikozwe muri sulfure.

Anode na cathode ni ibice bya bateri aho umuriro w'amashanyarazi unyura.

Bateri za Lithium-sulfure ni intambwe ikomeye ikurikiraho muri bateri za EV kuko zishobora kubika ingufu zikubye inshuro ebyiri kuri kilo ugereranyije na bateri za lithium-ion zisanzweho.

Ibi bishobora kongera inshuro ebyiri ingano y'imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi hatabayeho kongera uburemere bwazo.baterigupakira ariko ugabanye ibiciro.

Sulfure nayo ni nyinshi kandi itera imvune nke ku bidukikije no ku bantu kurusha cobalt, ikoreshwa mu miyoboro gakondo ya bateri ya lithium-ion.

Ubusanzwe, hari ikibazo cya bateri za lithium-sulfure - cathode za sulfure zirakora cyane ku buryo zishonga iyo bateri irimo gukora kandi ibi bikarushaho kwiyongera iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru.

Kandi anode za lithium metal zishobora gukora ibintu bimeze nk'urushinge byitwa dendrites bishobora gutobora ibice bya bateri bitewe nuko ikora ku buryo bworoshye.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, izi bateri zimara igihe kingana n'amasaha icumi gusa.

Electrolyte ya dibutyl ether yakozwe n'itsinda rya UC-San Diego ikemura ibi bibazo, ndetse no mu bushyuhe bukabije.

Bateri bapimye zari zimaze igihe kirekire kurusha bateri isanzwe ya lithium-sulfure.

Chen yagize ati: “Niba ushaka batiri ifite ingufu nyinshi, ubusanzwe ugomba gukoresha imiti igoye cyane kandi igoye.”

“Ingufu nyinshi bivuze ko hari byinshi bigenda bibaho, bivuze ko hari umutekano muke, kandi ko hari byinshi byangiritse.”

"Gukora bateri ifite ingufu nyinshi kandi ihamye ubwabyo ni akazi katoroshye - kugerageza kubikora mu bushyuhe bwinshi biragoye kurushaho."

“Electrolyte yacu ifasha kunoza uruhande rwa cathode n’uruhande rwa anode mu gihe itanga amashanyarazi menshi n’ubudahangarwa bwo hagati y’urusobe rw’amajwi.”

Itsinda ryanakoze cathode ya sulfure kugira ngo irusheho gukomera bayishyira kuri polymer. Ibi birinda sulfure nyinshi gushonga muri electrolyte.

Intambwe zikurikiraho zirimo kongera imikorere ya bateri ku buryo ikora ku bushyuhe buri hejuru kandi ikarushaho kongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha.