Ubwoko bushya bwabateri kubinyabiziga byamashanyaraziirashobora kubaho igihe kirekire mu bushyuhe bukabije n'ubukonje bukabije, nk'uko ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko bateri zemerera EV gukora urugendo rurerure ku giciro kimwe mu gihe cy'ubukonje - kandi ntibizakunda gushyuha cyane mu bihe bishyushye.

Ibi byavamo kwishyurwa gake kubashoferi ba EV kimwe no gutangabaterikuramba.

Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ry’Abanyamerika ryakoze ibintu bishya birwanya imiti irwanya ubushyuhe bukabije kandi byongerwa muri bateri zifite ingufu nyinshi.

Umwanditsi mukuru Porofeseri Zheng Chen wo muri kaminuza ya Californiya-San Diego yagize ati: "Ukeneye ibikorwa by'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ahantu hashobora kuba ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije bushobora kugera ku mibare itatu kandi imihanda ikarushaho gushyuha."

Ati: “Mu binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, paki za batiri zisanzwe munsi yubutaka, hafi yiyi mihanda ishyushye.Na none, bateri zirashyuha gusa kugirango zigezweho mugihe cyo gukora.

Ati: "Niba bateri idashobora kwihanganira ubu bushyuhe ku bushyuhe bwinshi, imikorere yabo izahita yangirika."

Mu mpapuro zasohotse ku wa mbere mu kinyamakuru Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, abashakashatsi basobanura uburyo mu bizamini, bateri zagumije 87.5 ku ijana na 115.9 ku ijana by’ingufu zabo kuri –40 selisiyusi (–104 Fahrenheit) na selisiyusi 50 (122 Fahrenheit) ).

Bafite kandi Coulombic ikora neza ya 98.2 ku ijana na 98.7 ku ijana, bivuze ko bateri zishobora kunyura mumashanyarazi menshi mbere yuko bahagarika akazi.

Ibi biterwa na electrolyte ikozwe mumunyu wa lithium na dibutyl ether, amazi atagira ibara akoreshwa mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe nka farumasi nudukoko.

Dibutyl ether ifasha kuko molekile zayo zidakina umupira hamwe na lithium ion byoroshye nkuko bateri ikora kandi igateza imbere imikorere yubushyuhe bwa sub-zero.

Byongeye kandi, dibutyl ether irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe ubushyuhe bwayo 141 selisiyusi (285.8 Fahrenheit) bivuze ko iguma mumazi mubushyuhe bwinshi.

Igituma iyi electrolyte idasanzwe nuko ishobora gukoreshwa na batiri ya lithium-sulfure, ishobora kwishyurwa kandi ikagira anode ikozwe muri lithium na cathode ikozwe muri sulfure.

Anode na cathodes nibice bya bateri inyuramo amashanyarazi.

Batteri ya Litiyumu-sulfure ni intambwe igaragara ikurikira muri bateri ya EV kuko ishobora kubika ingufu zigera kuri ebyiri ku kilo kurusha bateri ya lithium-ion.

Ibi birashobora gukuba kabiri urwego rwa EV utiriwe wongera uburemere bwabaterigupakira mugihe ugabanije ibiciro.

Amazi ya sufuru nayo ni menshi kandi atera ibidukikije n’ibibazo by’abantu ku isoko kuruta cobalt, ikoreshwa muri cathodes ya litiro-ion gakondo.

Mubisanzwe, hariho ikibazo cya bateri ya lithium-sulfure - cathodes ya sulfure irakora cyane kuburyo ishonga mugihe bateri ikora kandi ibi bikarushaho kuba bibi mubushyuhe bwinshi.

Kandi lithium ibyuma bya anode birashobora gukora inshinge zimeze nkurushinge rwitwa dendrite zishobora gutobora ibice bya batiri kuba kuko bigenda bigufi.

Nkigisubizo, bateri zimara gusa kumirongo icumi.

Dibutyl ether electrolyte yakozwe nitsinda rya UC-San Diego ikemura ibyo bibazo, ndetse no mubushyuhe bukabije.

Batteri bapimye yari ifite amagare maremare cyane kurenza bateri isanzwe ya lithium-sulfure.

Chen yagize ati: "Niba ushaka bateri ifite ingufu nyinshi, mubisanzwe ugomba gukoresha chimie ikaze kandi igoye."

Ati: “Ingufu nyinshi bivuze ko abantu benshi bitabira ibintu, bivuze ko umutekano muke, guteshwa agaciro.

"Gukora bateri ifite ingufu nyinshi zihamye ni umurimo utoroshye - kugerageza kubikora ukoresheje ubushyuhe bwagutse biragoye cyane.

Ati: "Electrolyte yacu ifasha kuzamura impande zombi za cathode no kuruhande rwa anode mugihe itanga imiyoboro ihanitse kandi ihamye."

Iri tsinda kandi ryashizeho cathode ya sulfuru kugira ngo irusheho gushikama mu kuyihuza na polymer.Ibi birinda sulfure nyinshi gushonga muri electrolyte.

Intambwe ikurikiraho irimo gupima chimie ya bateri kugirango ikore nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi bizakomeza ubuzima bwikigihe.