Bateri za lithium ion zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi by'ikoranabuhanga mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, kuva kuri mudasobwa zigendanwa na telefoni zigendanwa kugeza ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Bateri za lithium ion ziri ku isoko muri iki gihe zikoresha umuti w'amazi witwa electrolyte, uri hagati mu karemangingo.

Iyo bateri irimo gukoresha igikoresho, iyoni za lithiyumu zigenda ziva ku mpera ya electrolyte iri hasi, cyangwa anode, zinyuze muri electrolyte y'amazi, zikagera ku mpera ya electrolyte iri hasi, cyangwa cathode. Iyo bateri irimo kongera gusharijwa, iyoni zinyura mu cyerekezo gitandukanye ziva kuri cathode, zinyuze muri electrolyte, zikagera kuri anode.

Bateri za Lithium ion zishingiye kuri electrolyte y'amazi zifite ikibazo gikomeye cy'umutekano: zishobora gushya iyo zishyushye cyane cyangwa zidafite umurongo uhagije w'amashanyarazi. Ubundi buryo bwizewe bwo gusimbura electrolyte y'amazi ni ukubaka bateri ikoresha electrolyte ikomeye kugira ngo ijyane iyoni za Lithium hagati ya anode na cathode.

Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere bwagaragaje ko electrolyte ikomeye yatumye habaho ibyimbikwa by'icyuma bito, byitwa dendrites, byakwiyongera kuri anode mu gihe bateri irimo gusharija. Izi dendrites zigabanya umuvuduko wa bateri ku muvuduko muke, bigatuma zidakoreshwa.

Ukwiyongera kwa dendrite gutangirira ku tuntu duto turi muri electrolyte ku mupaka uri hagati ya electrolyte na anode. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bo mu Buhinde baherutse kuvumbura uburyo bwo kugabanya ukwiyongera kwa dendrite. Mu kongeramo urwego rworoshye rw'icyuma hagati ya electrolyte na anode, bashobora kubuza dendrite gukura muri anode.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bahisemo kwiga aluminiyumu na tungstene nk'ibyuma bishoboka kugira ngo bubake uru rukuta rw'icyuma rworoshye. Ibi biterwa nuko aluminiyumu cyangwa tungstene bivanze, cyangwa aloyide, hamwe na lithiyumu. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bizeraga ko ibi byagabanya amahirwe yo kuba hari inenge muri lithiyumu. Iyo icyuma cyatoranijwe gihuza lithiyumu, litiyumu nke yashoboraga kwimukira mu rukuta rw'icyuma uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi byasiga ubwoko bw'inenge yitwa icyuho muri lithiyumu aho dendrite yashoboraga kuvuka.

Mu rwego rwo gusuzuma imikorere y’urwego rw’icyuma, hakozwe ubwoko butatu bwa bateri: bumwe bufite urwego rwo hasi rwa aluminiyumu hagati ya anode ya lithium na electrolyte ikomeye, ubundi bufite urwego rwo hasi rwa tungsten, n’ubundi budafite urwego rw’icyuma.

Mbere yo gupima bateri, abahanga bakoresheje mikorosikopi ifite ingufu nyinshi, yitwa mikorosikopi ya electron yo gupima, kugira ngo barebe neza umupaka uri hagati ya anode na electrolyte. Babonye icyuho gito n'imyobo mu gipimo kidafite urwego rw'icyuma, bagaragaza ko izi nenge zishobora kuba ahantu dendrites zishobora gukura. Bateri zombi zifite urwego rwa aluminiyumu na tungsten zasaga neza kandi zikomeza.

Mu igerageza rya mbere, umuriro w'amashanyarazi udahinduka wanyuze muri buri bateri mu gihe cy'amasaha 24. Bateri idafite urwego rugufi rw'icyuma yananiwe mu masaha 9 ya mbere, bishoboka ko yatewe n'ikura rya dendrite. Nta bateri na imwe irimo aluminiyumu cyangwa tungsten yananiwe muri iri gerageza rya mbere.

Kugira ngo hamenyekane urwego rw'icyuma rwiza mu guhagarika gukura kwa dendrite, hakozwe irindi gerageza ku ngero za aluminiyumu na tungsten gusa. Muri iri gerageza, bateri zakozwe mu buryo bw'ubucucike bw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, uhereye ku muvuduko wakoreshejwe mu igerageza ryabanje hanyuma ziyongeraho gato kuri buri ntambwe.

Ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi bateri yakoreshaga bwakekwaga ko ari bwo bucucike bw'amashanyarazi bw'ingenzi mu gukura kwa dendrite. Bateri ifite urwego rwa aluminiyumu yananiwe inshuro eshatu z'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi utangira, naho bateri ifite urwego rwa tungsten yananiwe inshuro zirenga eshanu z'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi utangira. Iri gerageza ryerekana ko tungsten yarushaga aluminiyumu.

Nanone, abahanga bakoresheje mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki yo gupima kugira ngo barebe umupaka uri hagati ya anode na electrolyte. Babonye ko imyanda yatangiye kwirema mu gice cy'icyuma kuri bibiri bya gatatu by'ubucucike bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wapimwe mu igerageza ryabanje. Ariko, imyanda ntiyabonetse kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy'ubucucike bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'amashanyarazi. Ibi byemeza ko ihinduka ry'imyanda rituma dendrite ikura.

Hanyuma abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoze imibare y’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo basobanukirwe uburyo lithium ikorana n’ibyo byuma, bakoresheje ibyo tuzi ku buryo tungsten na aluminiyumu bifata ingaruka z’ingufu n’ubushyuhe. Bagaragaje ko imiterere ya aluminiyumu ifite amahirwe menshi yo kugira imyanda iyo ikorana na lithium. Gukoresha ibi bibara byoroshya guhitamo ubundi bwoko bw’icyuma cyo kugerageza mu gihe kizaza.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko bateri za electrolyte zikomeye zizewe cyane iyo urwego rw'icyuma rworoshye rwongewemo hagati ya electrolyte na anode. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bagaragaje kandi ko guhitamo icyuma kimwe kuruta ikindi, muri uru rubanza tungsten aho kuba aluminium, bishobora gutuma bateri ziramba kurushaho. Kunoza imikorere y'ubu bwoko bwa bateri bizazigeza ku ntambwe imwe yo gusimbuza bateri za electrolyte zikoresha amazi zigurumana cyane ku isoko muri iki gihe.