Muri Nyakanga 2020, bateri ya CATL lithium iron phosphate yatangiye gutanga Tesla; muri icyo gihe, BYD Han yashyizwe ku rutonde, kandi bateri ifite fosifate ya lithium iron; ndetse na GOTION HIGH-TECH, umubare munini w’abakoresha Wuling Hongguang baherutse gukoresha, nayo ni bateri ya fosifate ya lithium iron.
Kugeza ubu, "igitero cyo kurwanya" cya fosfeti y'icyuma ya lithium ntabwo kikiri intero. Amasosiyete ya TOP3 akoresha batiri z'amashanyarazi mu gihugu arimo kwagura inzira ya tekiniki ya fosfeti y'icyuma ya lithium.
Ihindagurika ry'amazi ya fosifate y'icyuma ya lithium
Iyo dusubije amaso ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyacu, twabonye ko kuva mu 2009, bateri za fosfeti zikozwe muri feri zikozwe muri lithium zihendutse kandi zifite umutekano mwinshi ari zo zakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu mushinga wo kwerekana “Imijyi icumi n’Imodoka igihumbi” watangijwe na Minisiteri y’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga.
Nyuma y’ibyo, inganda nshya z’imodoka zikoresha ingufu mu gihugu cyacu, zazamuwe n’inkunga ya politiki, zagize iterambere rikomeye, kuva ku modoka zitageze ku 5.000 kugeza ku modoka 507.000 mu 2016. Kohereza bateri z’amashanyarazi, igice cy’ingenzi cy’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, nabyo byariyongereye cyane.
Amakuru yagaragaje ko mu 2016, bateri z'amashanyarazi zoherejwe mu gihugu cyacu zari 28GWh, muri zo 72.5% byari bateri za fosfeti ya lithiamu iron.
2016 na yo ni ihinduka rikomeye. Politiki y’inkunga yahindutse muri uwo mwaka, itangira gushimangira uburebure bw’ibinyabiziga. Uko uburebure bw’ibinyabiziga bugenda bwiyongera, ni ko ubwishingizi bugenda bwiyongera, bityo imodoka zitwara abagenzi zerekeza ibitekerezo byazo kuri batiri ya NCM ku buryo buhamye.
Byongeye kandi, bitewe n’uko isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi ritaboneka neza ndetse n’ibikenewe kugira ngo batiri ikomeze gukoreshwa, igihe cyiza cya fosifate y’icyuma ya lithium cyarangiye by’agateganyo.
Kugeza mu 2019, politiki nshya yo gutanga inkunga ku binyabiziga bikoresha ingufu yashyizweho, kandi igabanuka rusange ryari rirenze 50%, kandi nta gisabwa kinini cyari gihari cyo gukoresha uburebure bw'ibinyabiziga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bateri za phosphate ya lithium fer zatangiye kugaruka.
Ejo hazaza ha fosifate y'icyuma ya lithium
Ku isoko rishya ry’ingufu z’imodoka zikoresha ingufu, ukurikije amakuru y’ubushobozi bwa bateri z’amashanyarazi zashyizweho muri Kamena uyu mwaka, ubushobozi bwa bateri za NCM ni 3GWh, bungana na 63.8%, naho ubushobozi bwa bateri za LFP bungana na 1.7GWh, bungana na 35.5%. Nubwo igipimo cy’ubufasha bwa bateri za LFP kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n’ubwa bateri za NCM ukurikije amakuru, igipimo cy’ubufasha bw’imodoka zitwara abagenzi zifite bateri za LFP cyavuye kuri 4% kigera kuri 9% muri Kamena.
Ku isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi n’izidasanzwe, bateri nyinshi zikoreshwa mu gutwara abagenzi n’izikoresha imodoka zidasanzwe ni bateri ya LFP, ibyo bikaba bidakenewe kuvugwa. Mu yandi magambo, bateri za LFP zatangiye gukoreshwa muri bateri zikoresha ingufu, kandi icyo gikorwa cyaratangiye. Hamwe n’igurishwa rya Tesla Model 3 na BYD Han EV riteganijwe mu gihe kizaza, isoko rya bateri za LFP riziyongera cyane.
Mu isoko rinini ry’ububiko bw’ingufu, bateri ya LFP nayo ifite akamaro kurusha bateri ya NCM. Amakuru yagaragaje ko ubushobozi bw’isoko ry’ububiko bw’ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye buzarenga miliyari 600 z’amayuani mu myaka icumi iri imbere. Ndetse no mu 2020, ubushobozi bwa bateri buhuriweho bw’isoko ry’ububiko bw’ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye bwitezwe ko buzaba burenga 50GWh.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 16 Nzeri 2020