1. Ibibazo by'umwanda nyuma yo kongera gukoresha fosifate y'icyuma cya lithium
Isoko ry’amashanyarazi yo kongera gukoresha batiri z’amashanyarazi ni rinini cyane, kandi nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inzego z’ubushakashatsi, umubare w’amashanyarazi yavuye mu Bushinwa witezwe kugera kuri 137.4MWh mu 2025.
Kujyana bateri za fosfeti y'icyuma ya lithiamuUrugero, hari uburyo bubiri ahanini bwo kongera gukoresha no gukoresha bateri z'amashanyarazi zijyanye nazo: bumwe ni ugukoresha batiri zikoresha umuriro, ubundi ni ugusenya no kongera gukoresha umuriro.
Gukoresha cascade bivuga ikoreshwa rya bateri zikoresha amashanyarazi ya lithium iron phosphate zifite ubushobozi busigaye hagati ya 30% na 80% nyuma yo kuzisesa no kuzisubiza hamwe, hanyuma zigashyirwa ahantu hakoresha ingufu nke nko kubika ingufu.
Gusenya no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho, nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, bivuga gusenya bateri z'amashanyarazi za phosphate ya lithium iron iyo ubushobozi busigaye buri munsi ya 30%, no kugarura ibikoresho byazo fatizo, nka lithium, fosifore, na feri muri electrode nziza.
Gusenya no kongera gukoresha bateri za lithium-ion bishobora kugabanya ubucukuzi bw'ibikoresho fatizo bishya mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije ndetse bikagira n'agaciro gakomeye mu bukungu, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ikiguzi cy'inganda, ikiguzi cy'abakozi, n'ikiguzi cyo gutunganya umurongo w'umusaruro.
Intego yo gusenya no kongera gukoresha batiri ya lithium-ion ahanini igizwe n'intambwe zikurikira: mbere na mbere, gukusanya no gushyira mu byiciro batiri za lithium imyanda, hanyuma bagasenya batiri, hanyuma bagatandukanya kandi bagatunganya ibyuma. Nyuma y'igikorwa, ibyuma n'ibikoresho byabonetse bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora batiri nshya cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa, bigatuma amafaranga agabanuka cyane.
Ariko, ubu harimo itsinda ry’ibigo bikora ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha bateri, nka Ningde Times Holding Co., Ltd. ishami rya Guangdong Bangpu Circular Technology Co., Ltd., byose bihanganye n’ikibazo gikomeye: kongera gukoresha bateri bizatanga ibintu birimo uburozi kandi bisohore imyanda mibi. Isoko rikeneye byihutirwa ikoranabuhanga rishya kugira ngo rinoze umwanda n’uburozi bwo kongera gukoresha bateri.
2.LBNL yabonye ibikoresho bishya byo gukemura ibibazo by'umwanda nyuma yo kongera gukoresha bateri.
Vuba aha, Laboratwari y’Igihugu ya Lawrence Berkeley (LBNL) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yatangaje ko babonye ibikoresho bishya bishobora kongera gukoresha bateri za lithium-ion zikoreshejwe amazi gusa.
Laboratwari y'igihugu ya Lawrence Berkeley yashinzwe mu 1931, ikaba icungwa na Kaminuza ya California mu biro bya siyansi bya Minisiteri y'Ingufu muri Amerika. Yatsindiye ibihembo 16 bya Nobel.
Ibikoresho bishya byavumbuwe na Laboratwari y'Igihugu ya Lawrence Berkeley byitwa Quick-Release Binder. Bateri za Lithium-ion zikozwe muri ibi bikoresho zishobora kongera gukoreshwa byoroshye, zitangiza ibidukikije, kandi ntizigira uburozi. Bikeneye gusa gusenywa no gushyirwa mu mazi ya alkaline, hanyuma bikazunguzwa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo bitandukanye ibintu bikenewe. Hanyuma, ibyuma biyungururwa mu mazi bikanumishwa.
Ugereranyije no kongera gukoresha lithium-ion ubu, ikoreshwa mu gukata no gusya bateri, hanyuma igatwikwa kugira ngo ibyuma n'ibintu bitandukanywe, ifite uburozi bukomeye kandi imikorere yayo mibi mu bidukikije. Iyo mikoreshereze mishya isa n'ijoro n'amanywa.
Mu mpera za Nzeri 2022, iri koranabuhanga ryatoranyijwe nk'imwe mu ikoranabuhanga 100 ry’impinduramatwara ryatejwe imbere ku isi mu 2022 n’ibihembo bya R&D 100 Awards.
Nkuko tubizi, bateri za lithiamu-iyoni zigizwe na electrode nziza na negative, igikoresho gitandukanya, electrolyte, n'ibikoresho by'imiterere, ariko uburyo ibi bice bihurizwa muri bateri za lithiamu-iyoni ntabwo buzwi neza.
Muri bateri za lithium-ion, ikintu cy'ingenzi gikomeza imiterere ya bateri ni kole.
Imashini nshya yo gusohora vuba yavumbuwe n’abashakashatsi ba Laboratwari y’Igihugu ya Lawrence Berkeley ikozwe muri aside polyacrylic (PAA) na polyethylene imine (PEI), bihuzwa n’imigozi iri hagati ya atome za azote zifite amashanyarazi meza muri PEI na atome za ogisijeni zifite amashanyarazi mabi muri PAA.
Iyo icyuma gifunga vuba gishyizwe mu mazi ya alkaline arimo sodium hydroxide (Na+OH-), iyoni za sodium zinjira mu buryo butunguranye aho zifata, zigatandukanya polymer ebyiri. Polima zatandukanyijwe zishongera mu mazi, zigasohora ibice byose bya electrode byinjijwemo.
Ku bijyanye n'ikiguzi, iyo ikoreshejwe mu gukora electrodes za bateri ya lithium nziza na electrodes mbi, igiciro cy'iyi kole ni kimwe cya cumi cy'ebyiri zikoreshwa cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Mata 2023