Kuzamuka cyane mu biciro by'ibikoresho fatizo bya batiri kuva mu ntangiriro za 2021 bitera kwibaza ku byangiritse cyangwa gutinda, kandi byatumye abantu bemeza ko amasosiyete atwara ibinyabiziga ashobora guhindura ibyo akoresha ku mashanyarazi.

Ipaki ihendutse cyane yari isanzwe ari lithium-fer-fosifate, cyangwaLFP.Tesla yakoresheje LFP ku modoka zayo zo mu Bushinwa zakozwe mu rwego rwo kwinjira kuva mu 2021. Abandi bakora imodoka nka Volkswagen na Rivian na bo batangaje ko bazakoresha LFP mu modoka zihenze cyane.

Nickel-cobalt-manganese, cyangwa NCM, bateri nubundi buryo.Bakeneye urugero rwa lithium kuriLFP, ariko ikubiyemo cobalt, ihenze kandi inzira yayo yo gukora ntivugwaho rumwe.

Igiciro cyicyuma cya Cobalt cyazamutseho 70% mumwaka.Nickel yabonye imvururu ziheruka gukurikiraho gukanda gato kuri LME.Igiciro cy'amezi atatu nikel igurishwa muminsi yumunsi $ 27,920- $ 28.580 / mt ku ya 10 Gicurasi.

Hagati aho, ibiciro bya lithium byazamutse hejuru ya 700% kuva mu ntangiriro za 2021, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho kuzamuka cyane kw'ibiciro by'ipaki ya batiri.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na S&P Global Market Intelligence, ibiciro bya batiri yo mu Bushinwa muri Werurwe yazamutseho 580.7% ku mwaka kuri bateri ya LFP ku madorari ku kilo, ikazamuka igera kuri $ 36 / kwh.Batteri ya NCM yazamutseho 152,6% mugihe kimwe igera kuri $ 73-78 / kwh muri Gashyantare

“Inziralithiumyaguzwe mu mezi 12 ashize.Nibigabanuke bito kurenza uko wabitekereza [kurwanya NCM] kandi iyo umaze guterera mubikorwa ni icyemezo kitoroshye cyaba.Urashobora gutanga gutanga imikorere kubiciro, ariko ntabwo bihendutse cyane muriyi minsi.”Ugurisha hydroxide imwe ya cobalt.

Umwe mu bakora uruganda rwa lithium yagize ati: "Mu by'ukuri, hari impungenge, kubera ko ikiguzi cya LFP cyari gifite ibyago byinshi ku gice cyerekezaho, ari na bateri zihenze".

Ati: "Nta bundi buryo bugaragara bwakoreshwa kuri bateri yibanda kuri nikel (irimo ibice 8 nikel cyangwa irenga) mugihe gito cyangwa giciriritse.Garuka kuri bateri yo hasi ya nikel NMC yongeye kwerekana impungenge zijyanye no gukoresha cobalt, mugihe bateri ya LFP idashobora guhuza neza n’imikorere y’urwego kandi ikaba ifite n’imiterere y’ubushyuhe buke ugereranije na bateri yibanda kuri nikel, ”Alice Yu, umusesenguzi mukuru, S&P Global Market Intelligence .

Mugihe chimie ikunzwe mubushinwa ari bateri ya LFP, abantu benshi bakeka ko NCM izagira uruhare runini kumasoko yubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi - aho abaguzi bakunda imodoka zibajyana mu gihugu cyose cyangwa ku mugabane wa Afurika ku giciro gito.

Ati: “Iyo turebye ibishushanyo mbonera bya batiri, tugomba gusuzuma ibintu byoroshye.Kuri ubu hari uburinganire bwibiciro hagati ya LFP na NCM.Niba LFP ihindutse bihendutse cyane dushobora wenda gushyira imbere umusaruro, ariko ubungubu tugomba kubyara NCM kuko nibicuruzwa bihebuje.”Imodoka OEM yagize.

Ikinyabiziga cya kabiri OEM yagarutse kuri icyo gitekerezo, "Batteri ya LFP izaba ibereye hano ku binyabiziga byinjira, ariko ntibyemewe ku modoka nziza".

Impamvu zigabanya

Gutanga Litiyumu bikomeje guhangayikishwa cyane nisoko rya EV hamwe nikintu gishobora guhagarika isosiyete iyo ariyo yose kwimukira muri LFP.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na S&P Global Commodity Insights bwerekana ko niba ibirombe bya lithium byose biri mu muyoboro biza kumurongo mugihe cyateganijwe, hamwe nibisobanuro bikwiye byibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya batiri, hazakomeza kubaho mt 220.000 mt muri 2030, ukeka ko ibisabwa bigera kuri miriyoni 2 mt kuri impera yimyaka icumi.

Benshi mubakora lithium yuburengerazuba bafite igice kinini cyibicuruzwa byabo byanditswe mumasezerano maremare, kandi abashinwa bahindura bahugiye mubikorwa byombi kandi byigihe kirekire.

Inkomoko ya lithium yagize ati: "Hariho ibyifuzo byinshi [ariko], ariko nta bikoresho dufite muri iki gihe".Yongeyeho ati: "Dufite gusa amajwi aboneka mugihe umukiriya afite ikibazo runaka, cyangwa agahagarika ibyoherejwe kubwimpamvu runaka, bitabaye ibyo byose byanditse".

Guhangayikishwa cyane na lithium, hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bya batiri, kuba ikintu kigabanya imipaka yo gutwara imashini ya EV byatumye abakora ibinyabiziga barushaho kwishora mu ruhando rw’inganda.

General Motors izashora imari mugutezimbere umushinga wububiko bwa Thermal Resources 'Hell's Kitchen lithium umushinga muri California.Stellantis, Volkswagen na Renault bafatanije na Vulcan Resources kugirango babone ibikoresho biva mu mushinga wa Zero Carbon mu Budage.

Sodium-ion ubundi

Urebye ibiteganijwe gutangwa bya lithium, cobalt na nikel, inganda za batiri zashakishaga ubundi buryo.Bateri ya Sodium-ion ifatwa nkimwe muburyo butanga icyizere.

Sodium-ion isanzwe ikoresha karubone muri anode nibikoresho biva murwego ruzwi nka Prussian Ubururu muri cathode.Nk’uko byatangajwe na Venkat Srinivasan, umuyobozi w'ikigo cya Argonne Collaborative Centre gishinzwe ubumenyi bwo kubika ingufu (ACCESS), muri Amerika, ngo “hari urukurikirane rw'ibyuma bishobora gukoreshwa kuri Prussian Blue, kandi bizatandukana bitewe na sosiyete.”

Amakuru avuga ko inyungu nini kuri sodium-ion ari igiciro cyayo cyo hasi.Bitewe n'ubwinshi bwa sodium ku isi, ibyo bipaki ya batiri bishobora kugura hafi 3% -50% ugereranije na bateri ya lithium-ion.Ubucucike bw'ingufu bugereranywa na LFP.

Ikoranabuhanga rya none rya Amperex (CATL), umwe mu bakora bateri nini mu Bushinwa, ryashyize ahagaragara umwaka ushize igisekuru cya mbere cya batiri ya sodium-ion, hamwe n’igisubizo cy’ibikoresho bya batiri AB, cyerekanaga ko cyashoboye guhuza selile sodium-ion na lithium-ion selile mumapaki imwe.CATL yavuze ko uburyo bwo gukora n'ibikoresho bya batiri ya sodium-ion bihuza na batiri ya lithium-ion y'ubu.

Ariko mbere yuko sodium-ion ishobora kugera ku bucuruzi bugaragara, ibibazo bimwe bigomba gukemurwa.

Haracyariho kunonosora kugerwaho kuri electrolyte no kuruhande rwa anode.

Ugereranije na bateri ishingiye kuri LFP, sodium-ion irakomera mugusohora, ariko ikagira intege nke mukwishyuza.

Impamvu nyamukuru igabanya ni uko ibi bikiri igihe ntarengwa cyo kuboneka kurwego rwubucuruzi.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amamiliyaridi y’amadolari y’ishoramari yashizwe mu ruhererekane rwo gutanga lithium-ion rushingiye ku miti ikungahaye kuri lithium- na nikel.

Umwe mu bakora uruganda rwa batiri yagize ati: "Mu byukuri twareba sodium-ion ariko tugomba kubanza kwibanda ku ikoranabuhanga rimaze kuba hanze no kuzana uruganda kuri interineti".