Urashaka gukomeza imodoka yawe yamashanyarazi igihe kirekire gishoboka?Dore ibyo ugomba gukora

Niba waguze imwe mumodoka nziza yamashanyarazi, uzi ko kugumisha bateri yayo ari igice cyingenzi cya nyirubwite.Kugumana bateri neza bivuze ko ishobora kubika imbaraga nyinshi, zisobanura muburyo bwo gutwara.Batare imeze neza izaba ifite igihe kirekire cyo kubaho, ifite agaciro karenze iyo uhisemo kugurisha, kandi ntizakenera kwishyurwa kenshi.Muyandi magambo, ni inyungu za banyiri EV bose kumenya uko bateri zabo zikora igikwiye gukorwa kugirango bateri yimodoka yabo yamashanyarazi igire ubuzima bwiza.

Nigute bateri yimodoka ikora amashanyarazi ikora?

Uwitekabateri ya lithium-ionmumodoka yawe ntaho itandukaniye na bateri mubikoresho byose ufite ubu - yaba mudasobwa igendanwa, telefone igendanwa cyangwa byoroshye bya bateri ya AA ishobora kwishyurwa.Nubwo ari binini cyane, kandi biza hamwe niterambere rinini cyane cyangwa rihenze cyane kubikoresho bito bya buri munsi.

Buri selile ya litiro-ion yubatswe muburyo bumwe, hamwe nibice bibiri bitandukanye lithium ion zishobora kugenda hagati.Anode ya bateri iri mugice kimwe, mugihe cathode iri mubindi.Imbaraga nyazo zegeranijwe na lithium ion, zigenda zinyuranya ukurikije uko bateri imeze.

Iyo isohotse, izo ion ziva kuri anode zijya muri cathode, naho ubundi iyo bateri irimo kwaka.Ikwirakwizwa rya ion rifitanye isano itaziguye nurwego rwo kwishyuza.Batare yuzuye yuzuye izaba ifite ion zose kuruhande rumwe rwa selire, mugihe bateri yatakaye izaba ifite kurundi ruhande.Amafaranga 50% bivuze ko bagabanijwe neza hagati yabo bombi, nibindi.Birakwiye ko tumenya ko kugenda kwa lithium ion imbere muri bateri bitera guhangayika gake.Kubera iyo mpamvu, bateri ya lithium-ion irangira itesha agaciro mugihe cyimyaka myinshi, ntakindi wakora.Nimwe mumpamvu zituma tekinoroji ya batiri ya leta ikomeye ishakishwa cyane.

Amashanyarazi ya batiri ya kabiri nayo ni ngombwa

Imodoka z'amashanyarazi mubyukuri zirimo bateri ebyiri.Batare nyamukuru ni bateri nini ya lithium-ion ituma rwose imodoka igenda, mugihe bateri ya kabiri ishinzwe sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yo hasi.Iyi bateri iha imbaraga ibintu bifunga imiryango, kugenzura ikirere, mudasobwa yimodoka nibindi.Muyandi magambo, sisitemu zose zotsa mugihe zagerageje kuvana ingufu mumashanyarazi atatu-yakozwe na bateri nkuru

Mumodoka nyinshi zamashanyarazi, iyi bateri ni bateri isanzwe ya 12V ya aside-aside uzasanga mubindi binyabiziga.Abandi bakora amamodoka, harimo nka Tesla, bagiye bahindukira berekeza kuri lithium-ion, nubwo intego-yanyuma ari imwe.

Mubisanzwe ntukeneye guhangayikishwa niyi bateri.Niba ibintu bitagenze neza, nkuko bishobora kubikora mumodoka iyo ari yo yose ikoreshwa na lisansi, mubisanzwe ushobora kwikemurira ikibazo.Reba niba bateri yarapfuye, kandi irashobora kubyutswa na charger ya trickle cyangwa hamwe no gutangira gusimbuka, cyangwa mubihe bibi cyane uyihindure iyindi nshya.Mubisanzwe bigura hagati y $ 45 na $ 250, kandi urashobora kubisanga mububiko bwiza bwimodoka.(menya ko udashobora gusimbuka-gutangira ibyingenzi bya EV

Nigute ushobora gukomeza bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi?
Ku nshuro yambere ba nyiri EV, ibyiringiro byo gukomeza amashanyarazibateri yimodokamumiterere yo hejuru birasa nkaho bitoroshye.Nyuma ya byose, niba bateri yangiritse kugeza aho imodoka idakoreshwa, igisubizo cyonyine ni ukugura imodoka nshya - cyangwa gukoresha ibihumbi byamadorari kuri bateri isimburwa.Nta na kimwe muri byo ari uburyohe bushimishije.

Kubwamahirwe kugumisha bateri yawe neza biroroshye cyane, bisaba kuba maso kandi imbaraga nke gusa.Dore ibyo ugomba gukora:

★ Komeza amafaranga yawe hagati ya 20% na 80% igihe cyose bishoboka

Kimwe mubintu buri nyiri EV agomba kwibuka nukugumya urwego rwa bateri hagati ya 20% na 80%.Kumva impamvu igaruka kumukanishi yukuntu bateri ya lithium-ion ikora.Kuberako ioni ya lithium ihora yimuka mugihe cyo kuyikoresha, bateri iza mubibazo bimwe na bimwe - bikaba bidashoboka.

Ariko iyo mihangayiko yihanganiye na bateri muri rusange iba mbi iyo ion nyinshi cyane kuruhande rumwe rw'akagari cyangwa kurundi.Nibyiza niba usize imodoka yawe mumasaha make, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe ukarara, ariko bitangira kuba ikibazo niba uhora usiga bateri muri ubwo buryo mugihe kinini.

Iringaniza ryiza ni hafi 50%, kubera ko ion zigabanijwe neza kuruhande rwa bateri.Ariko kubera ko ibyo bidafatika, niho dukura 20-80%.Ikintu cyose kirenze izo ngingo kandi ufite ibyago byo kwiyongera kuri bateri.

Ntabwo bivuze ko udashobora kwishyuza bateri yawe yose, cyangwa ko utagomba kureka ngo igabanuke munsi ya 20% mugihe kimwe.Niba ukeneye intera ishoboka, cyangwa urimo gusunika imodoka yawe kugirango wirinde guhagarara kwishura, ntabwo bizaba imperuka yisi.Gerageza gusa ugabanye ibi bihe aho ubishoboye, kandi ntusige imodoka yawe muri leta muminsi myinshi icyarimwe.

Komeza bateri yawe ikonje

Niba waguze EV vuba aha, hari amahirwe menshi yuko hariho sisitemu zo kubika bateri ku bushyuhe bwiza.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ntabwo ikunda gushyuha cyane cyangwa ubukonje bwinshi, kandi ubushyuhe buzwi cyane cyane mukwongera umuvuduko wo kwangirika kwa bateri mugihe kinini.

Mubenshi mubibazo, ntabwo arikintu ukwiye guhangayikishwa.Imodoka zamashanyarazi zigezweho zikunda kuzana na sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubushyuhe bushobora gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha bateri nkuko bikenewe.Ariko birakwiye kwibuka ko bibaho, kuko sisitemu zikeneye imbaraga.Nubushyuhe bukabije, imbaraga ninshi zirakenewe kugirango bateri igume neza - bizagira ingaruka kurwego rwawe.

Imodoka zimwe zishaje ntabwo zifite imicungire yumuriro, nubwo.Nissan Leaf ni urugero rwiza rwimodoka ikoresha sisitemu yo gukonjesha bateri.Ibyo bivuze ko niba utuye ahantu hashyuha cyane, cyangwa ugahora wishingikiriza kuri DC byihuse, bateri yawe irashobora kugorana kugirango ikonje.

Ntakintu kinini ushobora gukora kubijyanye mugihe utwaye, ariko bivuze ko ugomba gutekereza aho uhagarara.Gerageza uhagarike mumazu niba bishoboka, cyangwa byibuze ugerageze kubona ahantu h'igicucu.Ntabwo ari kimwe nigifuniko gihoraho, ariko kirafasha.Iyi ni imyitozo myiza kuri banyiri EV bose, kuko bivuze ko imicungire yumuriro itazarya imbaraga nyinshi mugihe uri kure.Kandi nugaruka imodoka yawe izaba ikonje gato kurenza uko byari kugenda.

★ Reba umuvuduko wawe wo kwishyuza

Abafite imodoka z'amashanyarazi ntibagomba gutinya gukoresha amashanyarazi yihuse ya DC yihuta.Nibikoresho byingenzi kumodoka zamashanyarazi, zitanga umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwishyuza ingendo ndende nibihe byihutirwa.Kubwamahirwe bafite ikintu cyicyubahiro, nuburyo uwo muvuduko wihuse ushobora kugira ingaruka kubuzima bwigihe kirekire.

Ndetse nabakora amamodoka nka Kia (ifungura muri tab nshya) bakomeje kukugira inama yo kudakoresha charger yihuta cyane, kubera impungenge za bateri yawe ishobora guhura nazo.

Ariko, muri rusange kuvuga byihuse kwishyurwa nibyiza - mugihe imodoka yawe ifite sisitemu ihagije yo gucunga amashyuza.Yaba amazi akonje cyangwa akonje akonje, imodoka irashobora guhita ibara ubushyuhe burenze ubwo butangwa.Ariko ibyo ntibisobanura ko ntakintu ushobora gukora kugirango woroshye inzira.

Ntugashyire charger yose mumodoka ukimara guhagarara, niba bishoboka.Guha bateri igihe runaka kugirango ukonje bifasha koroshya inzira hamwe.Kwishyuza imbere, cyangwa ahantu h'igicucu, niba bishoboka, hanyuma utegereze igihe gikonje cyumunsi kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe burenze hafi ya bateri.

Nibura gukora ibi bintu bizagufasha kwishyuza vuba vuba, kubera ko imodoka idakeneye gukoresha ingufu kugirango ukonje bateri.

Niba imodoka yawe ifite ubukonje bukabije bwa bateri, ni ukuvuga ko bushingiye kumyuka idahwitse kugirango ushushe ubushyuhe, uzashaka gufata izi nama kumutima.Kubera ko izo bateri zigoye gukonja vuba, ubushyuhe burashobora kwegeranya kandi ibyo birashoboka cyane ko byangiza bateri mugihe cyimodoka.Witondere kugenzura niba uyobora niba ugomba kwishyuza imodoka yawe amashanyarazi niba utazi neza ingaruka ishobora kugira.

★ Kura intera ingana muri bateri yawe uko ubishoboye

Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion irapimwe gusa kumubare runaka wikurikiranya - kwishyurwa byuzuye no gusohora bateri.Uko uruziga rwinshi bateri yegeranya, birashoboka cyane ko ihura nigabanuka nkuko ioni ya lithium izenguruka selile.

Inzira yonyine yo kugabanya umubare wikurikiranabikorwa ni ukudakoresha bateri, ninama mbi.Icyakora bivuze ko hari inyungu zo gutwara ibinyabiziga no kwemeza ko ubona intera ishoboka ya muntu muri bateri yawe.Ntabwo aribyo byoroshye gusa, kubera ko utazakenera gucomeka hafi cyane, ariko kandi bigabanya numubare wikurikiranabikorwa bateri yawe inyuramo, bizafasha kugumya kumera neza igihe kirekire.

Inama zifatizo ushobora kugerageza zirimo gutwara hamwe nuburyo bwa eco bwafunguye, kugabanya uburemere burenze mumodoka, kwirinda gutwara umuvuduko mwinshi (ibirometero birenga 60 kumasaha) no gukoresha feri nshya.Ifasha kandi kwihuta no gufata feri buhoro kandi neza, aho gukubita pedale hasi mumahirwe yose aboneka.

Wakagombye guhangayikishwa no kwangirika kwa batiri mumodoka yawe yamashanyarazi?

Muri rusange, oya.Batteri yimodoka yamashanyarazi mubisanzwe ifite igihe cyimyaka 8-10 ikora, kandi irashobora gukora neza kurenza iyo ngingo - yaba iyo gukoresha imodoka cyangwa kwishimira ubuzima bushya nkububiko bwingufu.

Ariko kwangirika kwa kamere ni inzira ndende, yo guteranya bizatwara imyaka myinshi kugirango igire ingaruka nyazo kumikorere ya bateri.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, abatwara ibinyabiziga bagiye bategura bateri ku buryo iyangirika risanzwe ridafite ingaruka zikomeye ku ntera yawe mu gihe kirekire.

Urugero, Tesla, ivuga (ifungura muri tab nshya) ko bateri zayo zigumana 90% yubushobozi bwazo nyuma yo gutwara ibirometero 200.000.Niba utwaye idahagarara kuri kilometero 60 mu isaha, bizagutwara iminsi 139 kugirango ukore iyo ntera.Ugereranyije umushoferi wawe ntabwo agiye gutwara kure vuba aha.

Batteri mubisanzwe ifite garanti yihariye nayo.Imibare nyayo iratandukanye, ariko garanti isanzwe ikubiyemo bateri mumyaka umunani yambere cyangwa kilometero 100.000.Niba ubushobozi buboneka bugabanutse munsi ya 70% muricyo gihe, urabona bateri nshya yose kubusa.

Gufata nabi bateri yawe, no guhora ukora ibintu byose utagomba gukora, bizihutisha inzira - nubwo bingana gute nukuntu wirengagije.Urashobora kuba ufite garanti, ariko ntabwo izahoraho.

Nta sasu ryamarozi ryokwirinda, ariko gufata neza bateri yawe bizagabanya urugero rwo kwangirika - kwemeza ko bateri yawe ikomeza kumera neza mugihe kirekire.koresha rero izi nama zo kubika bateri nkuko bisanzwe kandi bihoraho nkuko ubishoboye.

Ntabwo bivuze ko ukwiye kwikuramo nkana cyane, kuko ibyo bivuguruzanya.Ntutinye kwishyuza byuzuye aho bikenewe, cyangwa kwishyurwa byihuse kugirango ugaruke mumuhanda byihuse.Ufite imodoka kandi ntugomba gutinya gukoresha ubushobozi bwayo mugihe ubikeneye.