Nk’uko byatangajwe n’umuvugizi mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo ku bateri, “Ubwenge bw’ubukorano butuma bateri ikoreshwa, ikaba ari inyamaswa yo mu gasozi.” Biragoye kubona impinduka muri bateri iyo ikoreshejwe; yaba ifite umuriro wose cyangwa irimo ubusa, nshya cyangwa yashaje kandi ikeneye gusimburwa, ihora isa n’imwe. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ipine y’imodoka irangirika iyo irimo umwuka muke kandi ikagaragaza ko irangiye iyo imigozi yayo yangiritse.

Ingingo eshatu zigaragaza ingaruka mbi za bateri: [1] umukoresha ntazi neza igihe ipaki isigaranye; [2] ikigo cy’itumanaho ntabwo kizi neza niba bateri ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa by’amashanyarazi; na [3] charger igomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe buri bunini bwa bateri n’ubuhanga. Bateri "y’ubwenge" isezeranya gukemura zimwe muri izi ngorane, ariko ibisubizo biragoye.

Abakoresha bateri bakunze gutekereza ko bateri ipakiye nk'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu butanga lisansi y'amazi nk'ikigega cy'amavuta. Bateri ishobora gufatwa gutyo kubera koroshya ibintu, ariko gupima ingufu zibitswe mu gikoresho cy'amashanyarazi biragoye cyane.

Kubera ko hari urubuga rwacapwe rugenzura imikorere ya bateri ya lithium, lithium ifatwa nk'ibateri igezweho. Nubwo bimeze bityo, bateri isanzwe ya aside y'icuma ifunze ntabwo ifite uburyo bwo kuyigenzura kugira ngo irusheho gukora neza.

Bateri ikoresha ubwenge ni iki?

Bateri iyo ari yo yose ifite sisitemu yo gucunga bateri yubatswemo ifatwa nk'ubwenge. Ikunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, harimo na mudasobwa n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigendanwa. Bateri y'ikoranabuhanga iba ifite uruziga rw'ikoranabuhanga rurimo hamwe n'ibikoresho bishobora kugenzura imiterere nk'ubuzima bw'umukoresha ndetse n'ingano y'amashanyarazi n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi no kohereza ibyo bipimo ku gikoresho.

Bateri zigezweho zifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya imiterere yazo bwite y’amashanyarazi n’imiterere y’ubuzima, ibyo igikoresho gishobora kubona binyuze mu guhuza amakuru yihariye. Bateri zigezweho, zitandukanye na bateri zidasanzwe, zishobora kugeza amakuru yose ajyanye n’icyo gikoresho n’umukoresha, bigatuma hafatwa ibyemezo bikwiye. Ku rundi ruhande, bateri zidasanzwe ntizishobora kumenyesha igikoresho cyangwa umukoresha uko kimeze, bishobora gutuma imikorere idateganyijwe. Urugero, bateri ishobora kumenyesha umukoresha igihe igomba gusharijwa cyangwa igihe iri hafi kurangira cyangwa yangiritse mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose kugira ngo hagurwe indi nshya. Ishobora kandi kumenyesha umukoresha igihe igomba gusimburwa. Mu gukora ibi, hari byinshi bitateganijwe biterwa n’ibikoresho bishaje—bishobora gukora nabi mu bihe by’ingenzi—bishobora kwirindwa.

Ibisobanuro bya bateri y'ubwenge

Kugira ngo bateri, chargeur nziza, n'igikoresho gikoresha ikoranabuhanga birusheho kunoza imikorere, umutekano, n'imikorere myiza y'ibicuruzwa, bateri, chargeur nziza, n'igikoresho gikoresha ikoranabuhanga byose biraganira. Urugero, bateri nziza igomba gushyuzwa igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa aho gushyirwa kuri sisitemu yo gukoresha ingufu buri gihe. Bateri nziza zihora zigenzura ubushobozi bwazo iyo zishyuza, zisohora, cyangwa zibika. Kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka mu bushyuhe bwa bateri, igipimo cyo gushyuza, igipimo cyo gusohora, nibindi, bateri ikoresha ibintu byihariye. Bateri nziza ubusanzwe zifite imiterere yo kwihuza no guhindura imikorere. Imikorere ya bateri izangirika no kubika charge yuzuye. Kugira ngo bateri irinde, bateri nziza ishobora kumanuka ikagera ku muvuduko wo kubika uko bikenewe kandi igakoresha imikorere yo kubika uko bikenewe.

Iyo hashyizweho bateri zigezweho, abakoresha, ibikoresho, na bateri bose bashobora kuvugana hagati yabo. Inganda n'ibigo bigenzura bateri zitandukanye mu buryo "zigezweho" bateri ishobora kuba "iy'ubwenge". Bateri igezweho y'ibanze ishobora kuba irimo gusa chip itegeka charger ya bateri gukoresha algorithme ikwiye yo gusharija. Ariko, Ihuriro rya Smart Battery System (SBS) ntiryayifata nk'iy'ubwenge bitewe n'uko isaba ibimenyetso bigezweho, ari ingenzi ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ibya gisirikare, na mudasobwa aho nta mwanya wo gukora amakosa.

Ubwenge bwa sisitemu bugomba kuba buri muri paki ya bateri kubera ko umutekano ari kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bihangayikishije. Chip igenzura charge ya bateri ishyirwa mu bikorwa na bateri ya SBS, kandi ikorana nayo mu buryo bufunze. Bateri ya chemical yohereza ibimenyetso bya analogue kuri charger biyitegeka guhagarika charger iyo bateri yuzuye. Hiyongereyeho kandi uburyo bwo kumenya ubushyuhe. Inganda nyinshi za bateri zigezweho muri iki gihe zitanga ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima lisansi rizwi nka System Management Bus (SMBus), rihuza ikoranabuhanga rya chip integrated circuit (IC) muri sisitemu y'insinga imwe cyangwa ebyiri.

Dallas Semiconductor Inc. yashyize ahagaragara 1-Wire, uburyo bwo gupima bukoresha insinga imwe mu gutumanaho ryihuse. Amakuru n'isaha birahuzwa bikoherezwa ku murongo umwe. Ku ruhande rwakira, kode ya Manchester, izwi kandi nka phase code, igabanya amakuru. Kode ya bateri n'amakuru, nk'amashanyarazi yayo, umuriro, ubushyuhe, n'amakuru ya SoC, bibikwa kandi bigakurikiranwa na 1-Wire. Ku bateri nyinshi, insinga itandukanye igenzura ubushyuhe ikoreshwa mu rwego rw'umutekano. Sisitemu irimo charger na protocole yayo. Muri sisitemu ya Benchmarq y'insinga imwe, isuzuma ry'ubuzima (SoH) risaba "guhuza" igikoresho cyakira bateri na bateri yagenwe.

1-Wire irasaba uburyo bwo kubika ingufu buciriritse nka bateri za scanner za barcode, bateri za radiyo z'inzira ebyiri, na bateri za gisirikare kubera ko igiciro cyazo kiri hasi.