1. Ibigo bikomeye byo kubika ingufu bikomeje kwiyongera

Dukurikije imiterere y’iterambere ry’inganda zibika ingufu, hashyizweho uburyo bwo guteza imbere, aho bateri za fosfeti ya lithiamu iron ari yo nzira nyamukuru, bateri za sodium-ion zikora vuba nk’insimburangingo y’igice, n’inzira zitandukanye za bateri ziyongera. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ubukene bwo kubika mu mazu no mu bigega binini, iterambere ryabateri yo kubika ingufu Ikoranabuhanga rizarushaho kunozwa, kandi ikiguzi cya bateri cyitezweho kugabanuka. Inganda zibika bateri muri rusange zibanda cyane, aho ibigo bikomeye bifite isoko rinini.

2. Inverters zo kubika ingufu zikura vuba

Kuri ubu, umubare w’imashini zitwara ingufu zigenda ziyongera cyane, aho izitwara ingufu ziciriritse ari zo zitanga umubare munini w’imashini zitwara ingufu. Iyi mashini itwara ingufu ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kubika ingufu, ariko nta wundi muyobozi w’isoko uhari. Nyuma yo gushyira ahagaragara ububiko bw’ingufu mu Bushinwa no gufungura isoko ry’ububiko bw’ingufu mu mahanga,ububiko bw'ingufu ubucuruzi bwa inverter bwitezwe kwinjira mu gihe cyihuse.

3. Gukonjesha ububiko bw'ingufu bigenda birushaho kwiyongera

Bitewe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’isoko ry’ingufu zikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi, isoko ryo kugenzura ubushyuhe naryo ryagize iterambere rikomeye. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n’umubare munini w’ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu bikoresha ubushobozi bwinshi kandi bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi, ibyiza byo gukonjesha amazi bifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko wihuta bizarushaho kugaragara, byihutishe kwinjira. Ugereranyije na sisitemu zo gukonjesha amazi, sisitemu zo gukonjesha amazi zitanga ubuzima burambye bwa bateri, imikorere myiza, no kugenzura ubushyuhe neza. Biteganyijwe ko mu 2025, igipimo cyo kwinjira kwa sisitemu zo gukonjesha amazi kizagera kuri 45%.

4. Isano iri hagati y'ububiko bw'amazu yo mu mahanga n'ububiko bunini bwo mu gihugu.

Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri: imbere ya metero n'inyuma ya metero. Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bukwirakwira cyane, aho Ubushinwa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Uburayi byibanda cyane ku bucuruzi bukoresha metero. Mu Bushinwa, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bukoresha metero bwari 76% by'igipimo cyo gushyiraho ububiko bw'ingufu mu gihugu mu 2021. Ubucuruzi bukoresha metero butandukana mu bihugu bitandukanye, aho umubare w'ibikoresho binini mu Bushinwa na 5% mu bubiko bw'amazu. Amasoko yo mu mahanga yibanda cyane ku bubiko bw'amazu. Mu 2021, ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu mu mazu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwiyongereyeho 67%, mu gihe ububiko bw'ingufu mu bucuruzi no mu nganda bwagabanutseho 24%.

5. Isesengura ry'Isoko ry'Ububiko bw'Ingufu

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, habayeho iterambere rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kubika ingufu nka bateri za lithium-ion, bateri zikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amazi, bateri za sodium-ion, kubika ingufu zikoreshwa mu mwuka ufunze, no kubika ingufu zikomoka ku ngufu. Inganda zibika ingufu mu gihugu mu Bushinwa zinjiye mu iterambere ritandukanye kandi byitezwe ko zizafata umwanya wa mbere ku isi mu gihe kizaza.

5.1 Bateri zo kubika ingufu

Ku bijyanye na bateri zo kubika ingufu, ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho bateri zo kubika ingufu ku isi ndetse n'umuvuduko w'izamuka ry'ingufu byakomeje kwiyongera buri mwaka, aho isoko ry'ingufu zo kubika ingufu rikomeje kwiyongera ku isi. Umusaruro wa bateri za lithium zo kubika ingufu mu Bushinwa wakomeje kwiyongera, kandi ikiguzi cya bateri za lithium fosfeti kuri kilowati-saaha cyitezwe kugabanuka. Bitewe n'ubuyobozi bwa politiki n'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, isoko ryo hasi rya bateri zo kubika ingufu rifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutera imbere no gukenerwa kwagutse, bigatuma ikiguzi cya bateri zo kubika ingufu kiyongera.

5.2 Sisitemu zo Guhindura Ingufu

Ku bijyanye na PCS (Power Conversion System), intego ku isi yose ni uguhuza inverters za photovoltaic na energy storage, zihurirana cyane na inverters zo mu rugo zifatanye na grid. Inverters za energy storage zifite igiciro kinini, kandi igipimo cy’inverters za microinverters ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi cyitezweho gukomeza gutera imbere. Mu gihe kizaza, uko igipimo cy’uburyo ingufu zibikwa kigenda cyiyongera, inganda za PCS zizajya mu cyiciro cyo kwaguka vuba.

5.3 Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo kubika ingufu

Ku bijyanye no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo kubika ingufu, ukwiyongera gukomeye kwa sisitemu zo kubika ingufu za elegitoroniki birimo gutera imbere byihuse mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo kubika ingufu. Mu 2025, ingano y'isoko ry'ubushyuhe bwo kubika ingufu za elegitoroniki mu Bushinwa yitezweho kugera kuri miliyari 2.28-4.08 z'amayuani, hamwe n'impuzandengo y'ubwiyongere bw'ibikomoka ku bimera buri mwaka ya 77% na 91% kuva mu 2022 kugeza mu 2025. Mu gihe kizaza, uko ingufu zikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu ziyongera, ibisabwa byinshi bizashyirwa ku kugenzura ubushyuhe. Gukonjesha amazi, nk'igisubizo cya tekiniki cy'igihe giciriritse kugeza kirekire, byitezwe ko bizazamura buhoro buhoro igipimo cyo kwinjira ku isoko, aho isoko riteganijwe kungana na 45% by'isoko bitarenze mu 2025.

5.4 Kurinda inkongi no kubika ingufu

Ku bijyanye no kurinda inkongi no kubika ingufu, ibigo bikomeye byo mu Bushinwa bibika ingufu mu rwego rwo kurinda inkongi bifite umwanya munini wo kunoza isoko. Kuri ubu, kurinda inkongi bingana na 3% by'ikiguzi cy'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu. Kubera ko ingufu z'umuyaga n'izuba zihujwe n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu kiziyongera vuba, bigatuma hakenewe cyane uburyo bwo kurinda inkongi no kwiyongera guhwanye n'ikiguzi cyo kurinda inkongi.

Ubushinwa bwibanda cyane ku kubika ingufu ku rwego runini, mu gihe amasoko yo mu mahanga yibanda ku kubika ingufu mu mazu. Mu 2021, igipimo cy'ububiko bw'ingufu ku ruhande rw'abakoresha mu bubiko bushya bw'ingufu mu Bushinwa cyageze kuri 24%, bigaragaza akamaro kabyo. Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu buryo bwihariye, urwego rw'ubucuruzi n'inganda zo mu gihugu hamwe na pariki z'inganda bigize umubare munini w'abakoresha, hamwe n'igice kirenga 80%, bigatuma biba ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu kubika ingufu ku ruhande rw'abakoresha.